ホームページ >ウェブフロントエンド >jsチュートリアル >JS の WeakMaps とは何ですか?
JavaScript の WeakMap は、キーが オブジェクト である必要があるキーと値のペアのコレクション、およびこれらへの参照です。キーが「弱い」です。これは、キー オブジェクトへの参照が他にない場合、それがまだ WeakMap 内にある場合でも、ガベージ コレクションできることを意味します。
キーはオブジェクトである必要があります:
弱い参照:
反復不可能です:
個人データに役立ちます:
const weakMap = new WeakMap();
Method | Description |
---|---|
weakMap.set(key, value) | Adds a new key-value pair or updates an existing key. |
weakMap.get(key) | Retrieves the value associated with the key. |
weakMap.has(key) | Checks if the key exists in the WeakMap. |
weakMap.delete(key) | Removes the key-value pair associated with the key. |
const weakMap = new WeakMap();
const weakMap = new WeakMap(); const obj1 = { name: "Alice" }; const obj2 = { name: "Bob" }; // Adding key-value pairs weakMap.set(obj1, "Data for Alice"); weakMap.set(obj2, "Data for Bob"); // Accessing values console.log(weakMap.get(obj1)); // Output: "Data for Alice" // Checking existence console.log(weakMap.has(obj2)); // Output: true // Removing a key-value pair weakMap.delete(obj2); console.log(weakMap.has(obj2)); // Output: false
let obj = { key: "value" }; const weakMap = new WeakMap(); weakMap.set(obj, "Some data"); // Remove all references to `obj` obj = null; // The `WeakMap` entry for `obj` is automatically removed by garbage collection.
const privateData = new WeakMap(); class User { constructor(name) { privateData.set(this, { name }); } getName() { return privateData.get(this).name; } } const user = new User("Alice"); console.log(user.getName()); // Output: "Alice"
要約すると、WeakMap は、弱い参照とプライベート関連付けが必要なシナリオ向けに設計された特殊なコレクションです。
JavaScript における Map と WeakMap の主な違いは、キーの処理、ガベージ コレクション、および機能にあります。詳細な比較は次のとおりです:
Feature | Map | WeakMap |
---|---|---|
Key Types | Keys can be any type: objects, primitives. | Keys must be objects. |
Garbage Collection | Does not rely on garbage collection; keys persist. | Keys are held weakly and can be garbage-collected. |
Iteration | Iterable (can use for...of, forEach, etc.). | Not iterable (cannot list keys or values). |
Size Property | Has a size property to get the number of entries. | No size property available. |
Use Case | General-purpose key-value storage. | Specialized for associating metadata or private data with objects. |
Performance | Slightly slower due to strong key references. | Faster for memory-sensitive operations due to weak references. |
const weakMap = new WeakMap();
const weakMap = new WeakMap(); const obj1 = { name: "Alice" }; const obj2 = { name: "Bob" }; // Adding key-value pairs weakMap.set(obj1, "Data for Alice"); weakMap.set(obj2, "Data for Bob"); // Accessing values console.log(weakMap.get(obj1)); // Output: "Data for Alice" // Checking existence console.log(weakMap.has(obj2)); // Output: true // Removing a key-value pair weakMap.delete(obj2); console.log(weakMap.has(obj2)); // Output: false
let obj = { key: "value" }; const weakMap = new WeakMap(); weakMap.set(obj, "Some data"); // Remove all references to `obj` obj = null; // The `WeakMap` entry for `obj` is automatically removed by garbage collection.
const privateData = new WeakMap(); class User { constructor(name) { privateData.set(this, { name }); } getName() { return privateData.get(this).name; } } const user = new User("Alice"); console.log(user.getName()); // Output: "Alice"
例:
const metadata = new WeakMap(); function trackElement(element) { metadata.set(element, { clicks: 0 }); } function incrementClicks(element) { const data = metadata.get(element); if (data) { data.clicks++; } } const button = document.createElement("button"); trackElement(button); incrementClicks(button); console.log(metadata.get(button)); // Output: { clicks: 1 }
例:
const map = new Map(); map.set(1, "value"); // Allowed map.set("key", "value"); // Allowed map.set({}, "value"); // Allowed const weakMap = new WeakMap(); weakMap.set({}, "value"); // Allowed weakMap.set(1, "value"); // TypeError: Invalid value used as weak map key
Feature | Map | WeakMap |
---|---|---|
Flexibility | General-purpose, flexible. | Specialized, limited use case. |
Performance | Persistent key references. | Memory-efficient with weak references. |
Suitability | Iteration and long-term storage. | Private data and ephemeral relationships. |
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