Go language Map (collection)
Map is an unordered collection of key-value pairs. The most important point of Map is to quickly retrieve data through key, which is similar to an index and points to the value of the data.
Map is a collection, so we can iterate over it just like arrays and slices. However, Map is unordered and we cannot determine the order in which it is returned. This is because Map is implemented using a hash table.
Define Map
You can use the built-in function make or the map keyword to define Map:
/* 声明变量，默认 map 是 nil */ var map_variable map[key_data_type]value_data_type /* 使用 make 函数 */ map_variable = make(map[key_data_type]value_data_type)
If the map is not initialized, a nil map will be created. nil map cannot be used to store key-value pairs
Example
The following example demonstrates the creation and use of map:
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
var countryCapitalMap map[string]string
/* 创建集合 */
countryCapitalMap = make(map[string]string)
/* map 插入 key-value 对，各个国家对应的首都 */
countryCapitalMap["France"] = "Paris"
countryCapitalMap["Italy"] = "Rome"
countryCapitalMap["Japan"] = "Tokyo"
countryCapitalMap["India"] = "New Delhi"
/* 使用 key 输出 map 值 */
for country := range countryCapitalMap {
fmt.Println("Capital of",country,"is",countryCapitalMap[country])
}
/* 查看元素在集合中是否存在 */
captial, ok := countryCapitalMap["United States"]
/* 如果 ok 是 true, 则存在，否则不存在 */
if(ok){
fmt.Println("Capital of United States is", captial)
}else {
fmt.Println("Capital of United States is not present")
}
}The running result of the above example is:
Capital of France is Paris Capital of Italy is Rome Capital of Japan is Tokyo Capital of India is New Delhi Capital of United States is not present
delete() function
delete() function is used to delete elements of the collection. The parameters are map and its corresponding key. The example is as follows:
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
/* 创建 map */
countryCapitalMap := map[string] string {"France":"Paris","Italy":"Rome","Japan":"Tokyo","India":"New Delhi"}
fmt.Println("原始 map")
/* 打印 map */
for country := range countryCapitalMap {
fmt.Println("Capital of",country,"is",countryCapitalMap[country])
}
/* 删除元素 */
delete(countryCapitalMap,"France");
fmt.Println("Entry for France is deleted")
fmt.Println("删除元素后 map")
/* 打印 map */
for country := range countryCapitalMap {
fmt.Println("Capital of",country,"is",countryCapitalMap[country])
}
}The running result of the above example is:
原始 map Capital of France is Paris Capital of Italy is Rome Capital of Japan is Tokyo Capital of India is New Delhi Entry for France is deleted 删除元素后 map Capital of Italy is Rome Capital of Japan is Tokyo Capital of India is New Delhi
