Comment configurer SSL pour le serveur et les clients MySQL sous Linux

Dans ce tutoriel, je vais vous présenter comment utiliser le cryptage de connexion SSH pour établir une connexion sécurisée au serveur MySQL, afin que les données de la base de données soient en sécurité et que les pirates ne puissent pas voler les données. SSL est utilisé pour vérifier les certificats SSL, ce qui peut empêcher les attaques de phishing. Cela vous montrera également comment activer SSL sur votre serveur MySQL.

Activer la prise en charge SSL

Connectez-vous au serveur MySQL et vérifiez l'état SSL du serveur MySQL

# mysql -u root -p
mysql> show variables like '%ssl%';
Output:
+---------------+----------+
| Variable_name | Value    |
+---------------+----------+
| have_openssl | DISABLED  |
| have_ssl     |  DISABLED |
| ssl_ca       |           |
| ssl_capath   |           |
| ssl_cert     |           |
| ssl_cipher   |           |
| ssl_key      |           |
+---------------+----------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> \q
Bye

Générer un certificat SSL pour MySQL

Créer un répertoire pour stocker les fichiers de certificat

# mkdir /etc/certificates
# cd /etc/certificates

Générer un certificat de serveur

# openssl genrsa 2048 > ca-key.pem
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
...................................................................................+++
..........+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
# openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -days 1000 -nodes -keyout server-key.pem > server-req.pem
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
..................+++
..............................................................................................+++
writing new private key to 'server-key.pem'
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:
State or Province Name (full name) []:
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:
Email Address []:
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
# openssl x509 -req -in server-req.pem -days 1000 -CA ca-cert.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem -set_serial 01 > server-cert.pem
Signature ok
subject=/C=XX/L=Default City/O=Default Company Ltd
Error opening CA Certificate ca-cert.pem
139991633303368:error:02001002:system library:fopen:No such file or directory:bss_file.c:398:fopen('ca-cert.pem','r')
139991633303368:error:20074002:BIO routines:FILE_CTRL:system lib:bss_file.c:400:
unable to load certificate
Generating client certificates

# openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -days 1000 -nodes -keyout client-key.pem > client-req.pem
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
...............................................+++
.................+++
writing new private key to 'client-key.pem'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:
State or Province Name (full name) []:
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:
Email Address []:
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes openssl x509 -req -in client-req.pem -days 1000 -CA ca-# cert.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem -set_serial 01 > client-cert.pem
Signature ok
subject=/C=XX/L=Default City/O=Default Company Ltd
Error opening CA Certificate ca-cert.pem
140327140685640:error:02001002:system library:fopen:No such file or directory:bss_file.c:398:fopen('ca-cert.pem','r')
140327140685640:error:20074002:BIO routines:FILE_CTRL:system lib:bss_file.c:400:
unable to load certificate to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:

Maintenant, ouvrez mon fichier.cnf et ajoutez le certificat

# vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
ssl-ca=/etc/certificates/cacert.pem
ssl-cert=/etc/certificates/server-cert.pem
ssl-key=/etc/certificates/server-key.pem

Redémarrez le serveur MySQL et vérifiez l'état du certificat

#service mysqld restart
#mysql -uroot -p
mysql>show variables like '%ssl%';
+---------------+-----------------------------------+
| Variable_name |        Value                      |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+
| have_openssl  |          YES                      |
| have_ssl      |          YES                      |
| ssl_ca        |/etc/certificates/cacert.pem       |
| ssl_capath    |                                   |
| ssl_cert      | /etc/certificates/server-cert.pem |
| ssl_cipher    |                                   |
| ssl_key       | /etc/certificates/server-key.pem  |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Créez un utilisateur avec un accès SSL

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘ssl_user’@’%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘password’ REQUIRE SSL;
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Configurez SSL pour le client MySQL

Du côté du serveur, nous devons changer le client client-cert.pem- la clé .pem client-req.pem est copiée du serveur vers le client.

# scp /etc/ certificates/client-cert.pem root@192.168.87.158:/etc/certificates
# scp /etc/ certificates/client-key.pem root@192.168.87.158:/etc/certificates
# scp /etc/ certificates/client-req.pem root@192.168.87.158:/etc/certificates

Une fois le fichier transféré au client, il se connectera au client et tentera de se connecter à MySQL à l'aide d'un certificat SSL.

# mysql --ssl-ca=ca-cert.pem --ssl-cert=client-cert.pem --ssl-key=client-key.pem -h 192.168.87.156 -u ssluser -p
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> status
--------------
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.73, for redhat-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.1
Connection id: 3
Current database:
Current user: root@localhost
SSL: Clipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution
Protocol version: 10
Connection: 192.168.87.158 via TCP/IP
Server characterset: latin1
Db characterset: latin1
Client characterset: latin1
Conn. characterset: latin1
UNIX socket: /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Uptime: 11 min 13 sec
Threads: 1 Questions: 8 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 15 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 8 Queries per second avg: 0.11
-------------

Plus tard, ajoutez des paramètres dans le fichier /etc/my.cnf afin que lors de la connexion permanente au serveur MySQL, nous puissions nous connecter via SSL.

# vi /etc/my.cnf
[client]
ssl-ca=/etc/certificates/ client-cert.pem
ssl-cert=/etc/certificates/client-cert.pem
ssl-key=/etc/certificates/client-key.pem

Après avoir terminé cette configuration et cette configuration, vous pouvez maintenant vous connecter au serveur MySQL à partir du client à l'aide d'une clé SSL pour protéger vos données contre le vol et également contre les pirates.

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