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Comment résoudre le problème du chemin de labyrinthe en Java à l'aide d'algorithmes axés sur la profondeur et la largeur

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2023-05-09 19:58:07631parcourir

    深度优先

    实现效果

    Comment résoudre le problème du chemin de labyrinthe en Java à laide dalgorithmes axés sur la profondeur et la largeur

    示例代码

    import java.awt.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
     
    public class AlgoFrame extends JFrame{
     
        private int canvasWidth;
        private int canvasHeight;
     
        public AlgoFrame(String title, int canvasWidth, int canvasHeight){
     
            super(title);
     
            this.canvasWidth = canvasWidth;
            this.canvasHeight = canvasHeight;
     
            AlgoCanvas canvas = new AlgoCanvas();
            setContentPane(canvas);
            pack();
     
            setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
            setResizable(false);
     
            setVisible(true);
        }
     
        public AlgoFrame(String title){
     
            this(title, 1024, 768);
        }
     
        public int getCanvasWidth(){return canvasWidth;}
        public int getCanvasHeight(){return canvasHeight;}
     
        // data
        private MazeData data;
        public void render(MazeData data){
            this.data = data;
            repaint();
        }
     
        private class AlgoCanvas extends JPanel{
     
            public AlgoCanvas(){
                // 双缓存
                super(true);
            }
     
            @Override
            public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
                super.paintComponent(g);
     
                Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D)g;
     
                // 抗锯齿
    //            RenderingHints hints = new RenderingHints(
    //                    RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
    //                    RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
    //            hints.put(RenderingHints.KEY_RENDERING, RenderingHints.VALUE_RENDER_QUALITY);
    //            g2d.addRenderingHints(hints);
     
                // 具体绘制
                int w = canvasWidth/data.M();
                int h = canvasHeight/data.N();
                
     
     
                for(int i = 0 ; i < data.N() ; i ++ )
                {
                    for(int j = 0 ; j < data.M() ; j ++){
                        if (data.getMaze(i, j) == MazeData.WALL)
                            AlgoVisHelper.setColor(g2d, AlgoVisHelper.LightBlue);
                        else
                            AlgoVisHelper.setColor(g2d, AlgoVisHelper.White);
                        
                        if(data.path[i][j])
                        	AlgoVisHelper.setColor(g2d, AlgoVisHelper.Orange);
                        
                        if(data.result[i][j])
                        	AlgoVisHelper.setColor(g2d, AlgoVisHelper.Red);
                        
                        AlgoVisHelper.fillRectangle(g2d, j * w, i * h, w, h);
                    }
                }
                          
                
            }
     
            @Override
            public Dimension getPreferredSize(){
                return new Dimension(canvasWidth, canvasHeight);
            }
        }
    }
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.geom.Ellipse2D;
     
    import java.awt.geom.Rectangle2D;
    import java.lang.InterruptedException;
     
     
    public class AlgoVisHelper {
     
        private AlgoVisHelper(){}
     
        public static final Color Red = new Color(0xF44336);
        public static final Color Pink = new Color(0xE91E63);
        public static final Color Purple = new Color(0x9C27B0);
        public static final Color DeepPurple = new Color(0x673AB7);
        public static final Color Indigo = new Color(0x3F51B5);
        public static final Color Blue = new Color(0x2196F3);
        public static final Color LightBlue = new Color(0x03A9F4);
        public static final Color Cyan = new Color(0x00BCD4);
        public static final Color Teal = new Color(0x009688);
        public static final Color Green = new Color(0x4CAF50);
        public static final Color LightGreen = new Color(0x8BC34A);
        public static final Color Lime = new Color(0xCDDC39);
        public static final Color Yellow = new Color(0xFFEB3B);
        public static final Color Amber = new Color(0xFFC107);
        public static final Color Orange = new Color(0xFF9800);
        public static final Color DeepOrange = new Color(0xFF5722);
        public static final Color Brown = new Color(0x795548);
        public static final Color Grey = new Color(0x9E9E9E);
        public static final Color BlueGrey = new Color(0x607D8B);
        public static final Color Black = new Color(0x000000);
        public static final Color White = new Color(0xFFFFFF);
     
     
        public static void strokeCircle(Graphics2D g, int x, int y, int r){
     
            Ellipse2D circle = new Ellipse2D.Double(x-r, y-r, 2*r, 2*r);
            g.draw(circle);
        }
     
        public static void fillCircle(Graphics2D g, int x, int y, int r){
     
            Ellipse2D circle = new Ellipse2D.Double(x-r, y-r, 2*r, 2*r);
            g.fill(circle);
        }
     
        public static void strokeRectangle(Graphics2D g, int x, int y, int w, int h){
     
            Rectangle2D rectangle = new Rectangle2D.Double(x, y, w, h);
            g.draw(rectangle);
        }
     
        public static void fillRectangle(Graphics2D g, int x, int y, int w, int h){
     
            Rectangle2D rectangle = new Rectangle2D.Double(x, y, w, h);
            g.fill(rectangle);
        }
     
        public static void setColor(Graphics2D g, Color color){
            g.setColor(color);
        }
     
        public static void setStrokeWidth(Graphics2D g, int w){
            int strokeWidth = w;
            g.setStroke(new BasicStroke(strokeWidth, BasicStroke.CAP_ROUND, BasicStroke.JOIN_ROUND));
        }
     
        public static void pause(int t) {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(t);
    //            System.out.println("Dely");
            }
            catch (InterruptedException e) {
                System.out.println("Error sleeping");
            }
        }
     
    }
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.util.Stack;
     
     
    public class AlgoVisualizer {
     
        private static int DELAY = 10;
        private static int blockSide = 8;
     
        private MazeData data;
        private AlgoFrame frame;
        
        private static final int d[][] = {{-1,0}, {0, 1}, {1, 0}, {0, -1}};  //左下右上
     
        public AlgoVisualizer(String mazeFile){
     
            // 初始化数据
            data = new MazeData(mazeFile);
            int sceneHeight = data.N() * blockSide;
            int sceneWidth = data.M() * blockSide;
     
            // 初始化视图
            EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
                frame = new AlgoFrame("Maze Solver Visualization", sceneWidth, sceneHeight);
     
                new Thread(() -> {
                    run();
                }).start();
            });
        }
     
        public void run(){
     
            setData(-1, -1, false);
            
            Stack<Position> stack = new Stack<Position>();
            Position entrance = new Position(data.getEntranceX(), data.getEntranceY());
            stack.push(entrance);
            data.visited[entrance.getX()][entrance.getY()] = true;
            
            boolean isSolved = false;
            while (!stack.empty()) {
            	Position curPos = stack.pop();
            	setData(curPos.getX(), curPos.getY(), true);
            	
            	if (curPos.getX() == data.getExitX() && curPos.getY() == data.getExitY()) {
            		isSolved = true;
            		findPath(curPos);  //find the path from the final position
            		break;
            	}
            	
            	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            		int newX = curPos.getX() + d[i][0];
            		int newY = curPos.getY() + d[i][1];
    				
            		if (data.inArea(newX, newY) && !data.visited[newX][newY] && 
            				data.getMaze(newX, newY) == MazeData.ROAD) {
            			stack.push(new Position(newX, newY, curPos));
            			data.visited[newX][newY] = true;
    				}
    			}
            	
    		}
            
            if (!isSolved) {
    			System.out.println("the maze has no solution");
    		}
            setData(-1, -1, false);
        }
        
        public void findPath(Position des) {
        	Position cur = des;
        	while (cur != null) {
        		data.result[cur.getX()][cur.getY()] = true;
    			cur = cur.getPrev();
    		}
    		
    	}
        
        private void setData(int x, int y, boolean isPath){
        	if (data.inArea(x, y)) {
        		data.path[x][y] = isPath;
    		}
     
            frame.render(data);
            AlgoVisHelper.pause(DELAY);
        }
     
        public static void main(String[] args) {
     
            String mazeFile = "maze_101_101.txt";
     
            AlgoVisualizer vis = new AlgoVisualizer(mazeFile);
     
        }
    }
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
    import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.util.Scanner;
     
     
    public class MazeData {
     
        public static final char ROAD = &#39; &#39;;
        public static final char WALL = &#39;#&#39;;
     
        private int N, M;
        private char[][] maze;
        
        private int entranceX, entranceY;
        private int exitX, exitY;
        
        public boolean[][] visited;  
        public boolean[][] path;
        public boolean[][] result;
        
     
        
     
     
         public MazeData(String filename){
     
            if(filename == null)
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Filename can not be null!");
     
            Scanner scanner = null;
            try{
                File file = new File(filename);
                if(!file.exists())
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("File " + filename + " doesn&#39;t exist");
     
                FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
                scanner = new Scanner(new BufferedInputStream(fis), "UTF-8");
     
                // 读取第一行
                String nmline = scanner.nextLine();
                String[] nm = nmline.trim().split("\\s+");
                //System.out.print(nm[0] + &#39; &#39; + nm[1]);
     
                N = Integer.parseInt(nm[0]);
                // System.out.println("N = " + N);
                M = Integer.parseInt(nm[1]);
                // System.out.println("M = " + M);
     
                // 读取后续的N行
                maze = new char[N][M];
                visited = new boolean[N][M];
                path = new boolean[N][M];
                result = new boolean[N][M];
                
     
                
                
                for(int i = 0 ; i < N ; i ++){
                    String line = scanner.nextLine();
     
                    // 每行保证有M个字符
                    if(line.length() != M)
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Maze file " + filename + " is invalid");
                    for(int j = 0 ; j < M ; j ++)
                    {
                        maze[i][j] = line.charAt(j);
                        visited[i][j] = false;
                        path[i][j] = false;
                        result[i][j] = false;
                        
                    }
                }
            }
            catch(IOException e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            finally {
                if(scanner != null)
                    scanner.close();
            }
            
            entranceX = 1;
            entranceY = 0;
            exitX = N - 2 ;
            exitY = M - 1;       
        }
     
        public int N(){ return N; }
        public int M(){ return M; }
        public int  getEntranceX() {return entranceX;}
        public int  getEntranceY() {return entranceY;}
        public int getExitX() { return exitX;}
        public int getExitY() { return exitY;}
        
        
        
        public char getMaze(int i, int j){
            if(!inArea(i,j))
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("i or j is out of index in getMaze!");
     
            return maze[i][j];
        }
     
        public boolean inArea(int x, int y){
            return x >= 0 && x < N && y >= 0 && y < M;
        }
     
        public void print(){
            System.out.println(N + " " + M);
            for(int i = 0 ; i < N ; i ++){
                for(int j = 0 ; j < M ; j ++)
                    System.out.print(maze[i][j]);
                System.out.println();
            }
            return;
        }
     
    }
     
     
     
     
     
     
    public class Position {
    	
    	private int x, y;
    	private Position prev;
    	
    	public Position(int x, int y, Position prev ) {
    		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    		this.x = x;
    		this.y = y;
    		this.prev = prev;
    	}
    	
    	public Position(int x, int y) {
    		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    		this(x, y, null);
    	}
     
    	
    	public int getX() { return x;}
    	public int getY() { return y;}
    	public Position getPrev() {return prev;}
     
    }

    上面是深度优先的非递归遍历方法

    下面是广度优先的遍历方法

    广度优先

    实现效果

    Comment résoudre le problème du chemin de labyrinthe en Java à laide dalgorithmes axés sur la profondeur et la largeur

    示例代码

    import java.awt.*;
    import java.util.LinkedList;
    import java.util.Stack;
     
     
    public class AlgoVisualizer {
     
        private static int DELAY = 10;
        private static int blockSide = 8;
     
        private MazeData data;
        private AlgoFrame frame;
        
        private static final int d[][] = {{-1,0}, {0, 1}, {1, 0}, {0, -1}};  //左下右上
     
        public AlgoVisualizer(String mazeFile){
     
            // 初始化数据
            data = new MazeData(mazeFile);
            int sceneHeight = data.N() * blockSide;
            int sceneWidth = data.M() * blockSide;
     
            // 初始化视图
            EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
                frame = new AlgoFrame("Maze Solver Visualization", sceneWidth, sceneHeight);
     
                new Thread(() -> {
                    run();
                }).start();
            });
        }
     
        public void run(){
     
            setData(-1, -1, false);
            
            LinkedList<Position> queue = new LinkedList<Position>();
            Position entrance = new Position(data.getEntranceX(), data.getEntranceY());
            queue.addLast(entrance);
            data.visited[entrance.getX()][entrance.getY()] = true;
            
            boolean isSolved = false;
            while ( queue.size() != 0) {
            	Position curPos = queue.pop();
            	setData(curPos.getX(), curPos.getY(), true);
            	
            	if (curPos.getX() == data.getExitX() && curPos.getY() == data.getExitY()) {
            		isSolved = true;
            		findPath(curPos);  //find the path from the final position
            		break;
            	}
            	
            	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            		int newX = curPos.getX() + d[i][0];
            		int newY = curPos.getY() + d[i][1];
    				
            		if (data.inArea(newX, newY) && !data.visited[newX][newY] && 
            				data.getMaze(newX, newY) == MazeData.ROAD) {
            			queue.addLast(new Position(newX, newY, curPos));        			
            			data.visited[newX][newY] = true;
    				}
    			}
            	
    		}
            
            if (!isSolved) {
    			System.out.println("the maze has no solution");
    		}
            setData(-1, -1, false);
        }
        
        public void findPath(Position des) {
        	Position cur = des;
        	while (cur != null) {
        		data.result[cur.getX()][cur.getY()] = true;
    			cur = cur.getPrev();
    		}
    		
    	}
        
        private void setData(int x, int y, boolean isPath){
        	if (data.inArea(x, y)) {
        		data.path[x][y] = isPath;
    		}
     
            frame.render(data);
            AlgoVisHelper.pause(DELAY);
        }
     
        public static void main(String[] args) {
     
            String mazeFile = "maze_101_101.txt";
     
            AlgoVisualizer vis = new AlgoVisualizer(mazeFile);
     
        }
    }

    知识点总结

    Comment résoudre le problème du chemin de labyrinthe en Java à laide dalgorithmes axés sur la profondeur et la largeur

    Comment résoudre le problème du chemin de labyrinthe en Java à laide dalgorithmes axés sur la profondeur et la largeur

    q为抽象的队列

    Comment résoudre le problème du chemin de labyrinthe en Java à laide dalgorithmes axés sur la profondeur et la largeur

    Comment résoudre le problème du chemin de labyrinthe en Java à laide dalgorithmes axés sur la profondeur et la largeur

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