Linux 系统安装各种服务（三） MySQL / MySQL 主从备份_MySQL

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!! 假定所有安装包均在 /share目录，安装目录为 /opt !!

$ ll /share
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  129041873 Nov 29 21:06 mysql-5.1.54-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz

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========================= 安装 MySQL =========================
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0、卸载自带 MSQL

rpm -qa | grep mysql<br>    mysql-5.0.77-4.el5_4.2<br>rpm -e mysql-5.0.77-4.el5_4.2 dovecot-1.0.7-7.el5.i386

 

1、解压文件

$ groupadd mysql<br>$ useradd -g mysql mysql<br>$ cd /share<br>$ tar zxf mysql-5.1.54-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz<br>$ mv mysql-5.1.54-linux-i686-glibc23 /opt<br>$ cd /opt<br>$ ln -s mysql-5.1.54-linux-i686-glibc23 mysql<br>$ chown -R mysql.mysql mysql-5.1.54-linux-i686-glibc23<br>$ cp mysql/support-files/my-large.cnf mysql/my.cnf<br>$ cp mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql

 

2、修改配置

$ vi /opt/mysql/my.cnf (参考下面配置)<br><br>[client]<br>default-character-set=utf8<br>[mysqld]<br>basedir= /opt/mysql<br>#skip-locking<br>skip-external-locking<br>character-set-server=utf8<br>default-storage-engine=INNODB<br>max_connections=500<br><br>$ vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql (参考下面配置)<br><br>basedir=/opt/mysql<br>datadir=$basdir/data

 

3、创建数据库

$ cd /opt/mysql<br>$ ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

 

4、创建 mysql 服务

$ chkconfig --add mysql<br>$ chkconfig --level 23456 mysql on

 

5、初始化数据库

$ service mysql start<br>$ cd /opt/mysql<br>$ ./bin/mysql_secure_installation

 

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下载 service 脚本：services/mysql

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==============================================================
========================= MySQL 主从备份 =========================
==============================================================

主机 IP: 192.168.1.101 (db-server-1)
从机 IP: 192.168.1.110 (db-server-2)
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需要备份的数据库: db1、db2
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!!! 假设 MySQL 默认 RPM 安装 !!!
    配置文件: /etc/my.cnf
    安装目录: /usr/
    数据库目录: /var/lib/mysql/
    启动开关: service mysql {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload}

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准备工作: 主机和从机个开启两个终端：
    A、主1终端、从1终端运行 mysql
        $ /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p
            Enter password:
    B、主2终端、从2终端执行 shell 命令
        (首先打开 mysql 日志)
        (主2终端) $ tail -f /var/lib/mysql/db-server-1.err &
        (从2终端) $ tail -f /var/lib/mysql/db-server-2.err &
----------------------------------------------------------

1、(主2终端) 编辑主机 MSQL 配置文件

$ vi /etc/my.cnf

　　[mysqld]<br>    server-id = 1<br>    log-bin = mysql-bin<br>    binlog_format = mixed<br>    binlog-do-db = db1<br>    binlog-do-db = db2<br>    binlog-ignore-db = test<br>    binlog-ignore-db = mysql<br>    binlog-ignore-db = information_schema

$ service mysql restart

 

2、(主1终端) 主机 MySQL 建立备份用户 (backup / mypass)

msyql> GRANT FILE, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT, SUPER, RELOAD ON *.* TO backup@'192.168.1.110'IDENTIFIED by 'mypass';<br>    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)<br><br>    (完成后可以在从机上做链接测试 [ 从2终端上输入命令: /usr/bin/mysql -h192.168.1.101 -ubackup -p ]，如果不能连通请检查主机防火墙或主机 MySQL 端口)

 

3、(主1终端) 锁定主机数据库表

msyql> FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;<br>    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)

 

4、(主1终端) 查看主机 Master 状态

mysql> SHOW MASTER STATUS;<br>    +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+<br>    | File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |<br>    +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+<br>    | mysql-bin.000033 |      458 |              |                  |<br>    +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+<br>    1 row in set (0.01 sec)

 

5、(主2终端) 备份主机数据库

$ cd /var/lib/mysql<br>$ tar zcvf db_backup.tar ibdata* ib_logfile* db1/ db2/<br>$ mv db_backup.tar /tmp

 

6、(从2终端) 从机导入主机数据库

$ service mysql stop<br>$ cd /var/lib/mysql<br>$ rm -f ibdata* ib_logfile* mysql-bin.* master.info relay-log.info db1/ db2/<br>$ scp 192.168.1.101:/tmp/db_backup.tar .<br>$ tar zxvf db_backup.tar<br>$ chown -R mysql.mysql ibdata* ib_logfile* db1/ db2/<br>$ rm -f db_backup.tar

 

######################## 步骤 5/6 的另一种方法 (相对较慢) ########################<br># 5、(主2终端) 备份主机数据库<br># ------------------------------<br># $ cd /tmp<br># $ /usr/bin/mysqldump -uroot -pmypass --default-character-set=utf8 --opt --extended-insert=false --triggers --routines --hex-blob -x -q db1 > db1.sql<br># $ /usr/bin/mysqldump -uroot -pmypass --default-character-set=utf8 --opt --extended-insert=false --triggers --routines --hex-blob -x -q db2 > db2.sql<br># $ tar zcvf db_backup.tar db1.sql db2.sql<br><br># 6、(从2终端) 导入主机数据库<br># ------------------------------<br># $ cd /tmp<br># $ scp 192.168.1.101:/tmp/db_backup.tar .<br># $ tar zxvf db.tar<br># $ /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p<br>#     Enter password:<br>#     mysql> create database db1;<br>#     mysql> use db1;<br>#     mysql> source /tmp/db1.sql;<br>#     mysql> create database db2;<br>#     mysql> use db2;<br>#     mysql> source /tmp/db2.sql;<br>#     mysql> exit;<br># $ rm -f db.tar db1.sql db2.sql<br>##################################################################################

7、(从2终端) 编辑从机 MySQL 配置文件

$ vi /etc/my.cnf<br><br>    [mysqld]<br>    server-id = 2<br>    log-bin=mysql-bin<br>    binlog_format=mixed<br>    replicate-do-db = db1<br>    replicate-do-db = db2<br>    replicate-ignore-db = test<br>    replicate-ignore-db = mysql<br>    replicate-ignore-db = information_schema<br>    relay-log = db-server-2-relay-bin<br>    log-slave-updates<br>$ service mysql start

 

8、(从1终端) 设置备份点

mysql> slave stop;<br>    Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)<br>mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.101', MASTER_PORT='3306', MASTER_USER='backup', MASTER_PASSWORD='mypass', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000033', MASTER_LOG_POS=458;<br>    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)<br>mysql> slave start;<br>    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

 

9、解锁主机数据库表

msyql> UNLOCK TABLES;<br>    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 

10、其他工作

    （删除主从机器的临时文件: db_backup.tar）

 

==============================================================
=================== 配置 MySQL 互为主从备份 ==================
==============================================================

 (假设已根据上面的步骤配置好 MySQL 主从备份)

1、(从2终端) 编辑从机 MSQL 配置文件

$ vi /etc/my.cnf<br>    [mysqld]<br>    # 加入下面配置<br>    binlog-do-db = db1<br>    binlog-do-db = db2<br>    binlog-ignore-db = test<br>    binlog-ignore-db = mysql<br>    binlog-ignore-db = information_schema<br>$ service mysql restart

 

2、(从1终端) 从机 MySQL 建立备份用户 (backup / mypass)

msyql> GRANT FILE, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT, SUPER, RELOAD ON *.* TO backup@'192.168.1.101'IDENTIFIED by 'mypass';<br>    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)<br><br>    (完成后可以在主机上做链接测试 [ 主2终端上输入命令: /usr/bin/mysql -h192.168.1.110 -ubackup -p ]，如果不能连通请检查主机防火墙或主机 MySQL 端口)

 

3、(主2终端) 编辑主机 MySQL 配置文件

$ vi /etc/my.cnf<br><br>    [mysqld]<br>    # 加入下面配置<br>    replicate-do-db = db1<br>    replicate-do-db = db2<br>    replicate-ignore-db = test<br>    replicate-ignore-db = mysql<br>    replicate-ignore-db = information_schema<br>    relay-log = db-server-1-relay-bin<br>    log-slave-updates<br>$ service mysql start

 

4、(主1终端) 设置备份点

mysql> slave stop;<br>    Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)<br>mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.101', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_USER='backup', MASTER_PASSWORD='mypass';<br>    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)<br>mysql> slave start;<br>    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

 

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