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php网站实现负载均衡的方法:1、准备好虚拟机;2、通过yum方式安装php;3、加入配置“pid = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/run/php-fpm.pid”;4、通过yum方式安装nginx;5、编写nginx启动脚本,添加配置为“NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"”。
本教程操作环境:linux5.9.8系统、PHP8.1版、DELL G3电脑
nginx+php 实现代理与负载均衡 (1台nginx,2台php)
实验准备
3台虚拟机
192.168.239.136/192.168.239.140/192.168.239.144
1 安装php 192.168.239.140/192.168.239.144
安装之前先做好这些准备工作(安装基础环境)
yum -y groupinstall "Development Tools" "Development Libraries" yum install -y epel-release yum install -y libxml2-devel.x86_64 openssl-devel.x86_64 bzip2-devel.x86_64 libjpeg-turbo-devel.x86_64 libjpeg-turbo-static.x86_64 libpng-devel.x86_64 libpng-static.x86_64 freetype-devel.x86_64 libstdc++ libstdc++-devel compat-libstdc++-33 libstdc++-static gcc libmcrypt-devel lrzsz gcc gcc-c++ make man vim tree unzip wget curl lua-devel lua-static GeoIP GeoIP-devel patch libxml2-devel libxslt libxslt-devel gd gd-devel autoconf m4 pcre-devel.x86_64 pcre-static.x86_64 lrzsz ntp libcurl-devel.x86_64 libtool-ltdl-devel.x86_64
下载php源码包到 /usr/local/src cd /usr/local/src
解压 cd 解压目录 useradd -s /sbin/nologin php-fpm
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --enable-zend-multibyte --disable-ipv6 --with-pear --with-curl make && make install cp php.ini-development /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php.ini 拷贝配置文件 cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm 拷贝启动脚本 mv /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf > /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf vim !$ 加入如下配置 [global] pid = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/run/php-fpm.pid error_log = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/php-fpm.log [www] listen = 192.168.239.140:9000 (IP是php本机IP或者0.0.0.0,不能是127.0.0.1)user = php-fpm group = php-fpmlisten.owner = nobody listen.group = nobody pm = dynamic pm.max_children = 50 pm.start_servers = 20 pm.min_spare_servers = 5 pm.max_spare_servers = 35 pm.max_requests = 500 rlimit_files = 1024 slowlog = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/slow.logrequest_slowlog_timeout = 1 php_admin_value[open_basedir]=/data/www/:/tmp/ /usr/local/php-fpm/sbin/php-fpm -t chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm start netstat -lnpt 查看是否有监听 192.168.239.140:9000 mkdir -p /tmp/tmp vim /tmp/tmp/index.php 创建动态测试文件,写入如下 dongtaiqingqiu 1
2.第二台安装php (安装编译都不变,配置文件IP更改为 192.168.239.144:9000 最后index.php 中dongtaiqingqiu 1改为dongtaiqingqiu2 )
3.安装nginx
下载源码包到 /usr/local/src cd /usr/local/src
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz
解压 cd 解压目录
yum install -y pcre-devel ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-pcre make make install
4. 编写nginx启动脚本
vim /etc/init.d/nginx 加入如下配置 #!/bin/bash # chkconfig: - 30 21 # description: http service. # Source Function Library . /etc/init.d/functions # Nginx Settings NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf" NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid" RETVAL=0 prog="Nginx" start() { echo -n $"Starting $prog: " mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF RETVAL=$? echo return $RETVAL } stop() { echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp RETVAL=$? echo return $RETVAL } reload(){ echo -n $"Reloading $prog: " killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP RETVAL=$? echo return $RETVAL } restart(){ stop start } configtest(){ $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t return 0 } case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; reload) reload ;; restart) restart ;; configtest) configtest ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}" RETVAL=1 esac exit $RETVAL
保存后,执行
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/nginx 或者 chmod 755 !$ 修改权限 service nginx start 启动nginx
5. 配置反向代理
> /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 加入如下配置 user nobody nobody; worker_processes 2; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit; pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid; worker_rlimit_nofile 51200; events { use epoll; worker_connections 6000; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526; server_names_hash_max_size 4096; log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]' '$host "$request_uri" $status' '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"'; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 30; client_header_timeout 3m; client_body_timeout 3m; send_timeout 3m; connection_pool_size 256; client_header_buffer_size 1k; large_client_header_buffers 8 4k; request_pool_size 4k; output_buffers 4 32k; postpone_output 1460; client_max_body_size 10m; client_body_buffer_size 256k; client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp; proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp; fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; tcp_nodelay on; gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 8k; gzip_comp_level 5; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm application/xml; include vhosts/*.conf; }
配置代理
mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/php.conf 加入如下配置 upstream mysvr { #weigth参数表示权值,权值越高被分配到的几率越大 server 192.168.239.144:9000 weight=2; server 192.168.239.140:9000 weight=1; } server { listen 80; server_name www.q.com; index index.html index.htm index.php; root /usr/local/nginx/html; location ~ \.php$ { include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_pass mysvr; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /tmp/tmp$fastcgi_script_name; } } /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 检测配置文件 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload (直接重新加载配置,不需要重启) vim /usr/local/nginx/html/1.html 创建静态测试文件,写入 jingtaifangwen
设置本地解析
修改windons hosts(地址 c:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts)记事本打开,最下面添加一行配置
192.168.239.136 www.q.com
测试:最好用谷歌浏览器 (如下显示 代理成功)
访问 www.q.com 显示的是nginx 默认页
访问 www.q.com/.html 显示的jingtaifangwen
访问 www.q.com/index.php 多刷新几次 会显示 dongtaifangwen1 一次 dongtaifangwen2 两次
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