Maison >développement back-end >Tutoriel C#.Net >WebApi implémente le cryptage des communications
Comment réaliser efficacement un échange de données entre le client et le serveur service avec le moins d'intrusion de code existant. Qu'en est-il du chiffrement ?
webapiLe serveur est le suivantInterface :
>
Aucune requête chiffréeGET /api/apitest?id=10
Résultat de retour
réponse "value10"
public class ApiTestController : ApiController { // GET api/<controller>/5 public object Get(int id) { return "value" + id; } }
Nous L'effet recherché est :
Get /api/apitest?aWQ9MTA=
response InZhbHVlMTAi (résultat du décryptage "value10")
Ou plus
Autres
méthodes de cryptage
Analyse fonctionnelle
. Regardez l'image ci-dessous webapi Cycle de vie :
On voit qu'il y a une couche RepresentativegHander pour le traitement des messages avant
routage
routage.Parce que nous devons décrypter les paramètres de chaque requête et chiffrer le message de retour, nous visons MessageProcessingHandl
er
3 . Pratique :
Maintenant, à l'avenir, nous implémenterons d'abord deux versions des fonctions de cryptage et de décryptage des communications, qui sont la version 1.0 du cryptage base64 et la version 1.1 Des cryptage
// // 摘要: // A base type for handlers which only do some small processing of request and/or // response messages. public abstract class MessageProcessingHandler : DelegatingHandler { // // 摘要: // Creates an instance of a System.Net.Http.MessageProcessingHandler class. protected MessageProcessingHandler(); // // 摘要: // Creates an instance of a System.Net.Http.MessageProcessingHandler class with // a specific inner handler. // // 参数: // innerHandler: // The inner handler which is responsible for processing the HTTP response messages. protected MessageProcessingHandler(HttpMessageHandler innerHandler); // // 摘要: // Performs processing on each request sent to the server. // // 参数: // request: // The HTTP request message to process. // // cancellationToken: // A cancellation token that can be used by other objects or threads to receive // notice of cancellation. // // 返回结果: // Returns System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage.The HTTP request message that was // processed. protected abstract HttpRequestMessage ProcessRequest(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken); // // 摘要: // Perform processing on each response from the server. // // 参数: // response: // The HTTP response message to process. // // cancellationToken: // A cancellation token that can be used by other objects or threads to receive // notice of cancellation. // // 返回结果: // Returns System.Net.Http.HttpResponseMessage.The HTTP response message that was // processed. protected abstract HttpResponseMessage ProcessResponse(HttpResponseMessage response, CancellationToken cancellationToken); // // 摘要: // Sends an HTTP request to the inner handler to send to the server as an asynchronous // operation. // // 参数: // request: // The HTTP request message to send to the server. // // cancellationToken: // A cancellation token that can be used by other objects or threads to receive // notice of cancellation. // // 返回结果: // Returns System.Threading.Tasks.Task`1.The task object representing the asynchronous // operation. // // 异常: // T:System.ArgumentNullException: // The request was null. protected internal sealed override Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken); }
IMessageEnCryption Écrire la version 1.0 du cryptage et du décryptage base64
1 /// <summary> 2 /// 加密解密接口 3 /// </summary> 4 public interface IMessageEnCryption 5 { 6 /// <summary> 7 /// 加密 8 /// </summary> 9 /// <param name="content"></param>10 /// <returns></returns>11 string Encode(string content);12 /// <summary>13 /// 解密14 /// </summary>15 /// <param name="content"></param>16 /// <returns></returns>17 string Decode(string content);18 }
MessageEncryptionVersion1_0
Ecrire la version 1.1 des chiffrement et décryptage
1 /// <summary> 2 /// 加解密 只做 base64 3 /// </summary> 4 public class MessageEncryptionVersion1_0 : IMessageEnCryption 5 { 6 public string Decode(string content) 7 { 8 return content?.DecryptBase64(); 9 }10 11 public string Encode(string content)12 {13 return content.EncryptBase64();14 }15 }
MessageEncryptionVersion1_1
Ci-joint une classe d'encapsulation de base pour le cryptage et le déchiffrement
1 public static class EncrypExtends 2 { 3 4 //默认密钥向量 5 private static byte[] Keys = { 0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78, 0x90, 0xAB, 0xCD, 0xEF }; 6 internal static string Key = "*@&$(@#H"; 7 8 //// <summary> 9 /// DES加密字符串10 /// </summary>11 /// <param name="encryptString">待加密的字符串</param>12 /// <param name="encryptKey">加密密钥,要求为8位</param>13 /// <returns>加密成功返回加密后的字符串,失败返回源串</returns>14 public static string EncryptDES(this string encryptString, string encryptKey)15 {16 try17 {18 byte[] rgbKey = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(encryptKey.Substring(0, 8));19 byte[] rgbIV = Keys;20 byte[] inputByteArray = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(encryptString);21 DESCryptoServiceProvider dCSP = new DESCryptoServiceProvider();22 MemoryStream mStream = new MemoryStream();23 CryptoStream cStream = new CryptoStream(mStream, dCSP.CreateEncryptor(rgbKey, rgbIV), CryptoStreamMode.Write);24 cStream.Write(inputByteArray, 0, inputByteArray.Length);25 cStream.FlushFinalBlock();26 return Convert.ToBase64String(mStream.ToArray());27 }28 catch29 {30 return encryptString;31 }32 }33 //// <summary>34 /// DES解密字符串35 /// </summary>36 /// <param name="decryptString">待解密的字符串</param>37 /// <param name="decryptKey">解密密钥,要求为8位,和加密密钥相同</param>38 /// <returns>解密成功返回解密后的字符串,失败返源串</returns>39 public static string DecryptDES(this string decryptString, string key)40 {41 try42 {43 byte[] rgbKey = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(key.Substring(0, 8));44 byte[] rgbIV = Keys;45 byte[] inputByteArray = Convert.FromBase64String(decryptString);46 DESCryptoServiceProvider DCSP = new DESCryptoServiceProvider();47 MemoryStream mStream = new MemoryStream();48 CryptoStream cStream = new CryptoStream(mStream, DCSP.CreateDecryptor(rgbKey, rgbIV), CryptoStreamMode.Write);49 cStream.Write(inputByteArray, 0, inputByteArray.Length);50 cStream.FlushFinalBlock();51 return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(mStream.ToArray());52 }53 catch54 {55 return decryptString;56 }57 }58 public static string EncryptBase64(this string encryptString)59 {60 return Convert.ToBase64String(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(encryptString));61 }62 public static string DecryptBase64(this string encryptString)63 {64 return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(Convert.FromBase64String(encryptString));65 }66 public static string DecodeUrl(this string cryptString)67 {68 return System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlDecode(cryptString);69 }70 public static string EncodeUrl(this string cryptString)71 {72 return System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(cryptString);73 }74 }
EncrypExtends
OK! 到此我们前题工作已经完成了80%,开始进行HTTP请求的 消息进和出的加密解密功能的实现.
我们暂时将加密的版本信息定义为 HTTP header头中 以 api_version 的value 来判别分别是用何种方式加密解密
header例:
api_version: 1.0
api_version: 1.1
1 /// <summary> 2 /// API消息请求处理 3 /// </summary> 4 public class JoyMessageHandler : MessageProcessingHandler 5 { 6 7 /// <summary> 8 /// 接收到request时 处理 9 /// </summary>10 /// <param name="request"></param>11 /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param>12 /// <returns></returns>13 protected override HttpRequestMessage ProcessRequest(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)14 {15 if (request.Content.IsMimeMultipartContent())16 return request;17 // 获取请求头中 api_version版本号18 var ver = System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request.Headers.GetValues("api_version")?.FirstOrDefault();19 // 根据api_version版本号获取加密对象, 如果为null 则不需要加密20 var encrypt = MessageEncryptionCreator.GetInstance(ver);21 22 if (encrypt != null)23 {24 // 读取请求body中的数据25 string baseContent = request.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;26 // 获取加密的信息27 // 兼容 body: 加密数据 和 body: code=加密数据28 baseContent = baseContent.Match("(code=)*(?<code>[\\S]+)", 2);29 // URL解码数据30 baseContent = baseContent.DecodeUrl();31 // 用加密对象解密数据32 baseContent = encrypt.Decode(baseContent);33 34 string baseQuery = string.Empty;35 if (!request.RequestUri.Query.IsNullOrEmpty())36 {37 // 同 body38 // 读取请求 url query数据39 baseQuery = request.RequestUri.Query.Substring(1);40 baseQuery = baseQuery.Match("(code=)*(?<code>[\\S]+)", 2);41 baseQuery = baseQuery.DecodeUrl();42 baseQuery = encrypt.Decode(baseQuery);43 }44 // 将解密后的 URL 重置URL请求45 request.RequestUri = new Uri($"{request.RequestUri.AbsoluteUri.Split('?')[0]}?{baseQuery}");46 // 将解密后的BODY数据 重置47 request.Content = new StringContent(baseContent);48 }49 50 return request;51 }52 53 /// <summary>54 /// 处理将要向客户端response时55 /// </summary>56 /// <param name="response"></param>57 /// <param name="cancellationToken"></param>58 /// <returns></returns>59 protected override HttpResponseMessage ProcessResponse(HttpResponseMessage response, CancellationToken cancellationToken)60 {61 //var isMediaType = response.Content.Headers.ContentType.MediaType.Equals(mediaTypeName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);62 var ver = System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request.Headers.GetValues("api_version")?.FirstOrDefault();63 var encrypt = MessageEncryptionCreator.GetInstance(ver);64 if (encrypt != null)65 {66 if (response.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.OK)67 {68 var result = response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;69 // 返回消息 进行加密70 var encodeResult = encrypt.Encode(result);71 response.Content = new StringContent(encodeResult);72 }73 }74 75 return response;76 }77 78 }
JoyMessageHandler
最后在 webapiconfig 中将我们的消息处理添加到容器中
1 public static class WebApiConfig 2 { 3 public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config) 4 { 5 // Web API 配置和服务 6 // 将 Web API 配置为仅使用不记名令牌身份验证。 7 config.SuppressDefaultHostAuthentication(); 8 config.Filters.Add(new HostAuthenticationFilter(OAuthDefaults.AuthenticationType)); 9 10 // Web API 路由11 config.MapHttpAttributeRoutes();12 13 config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(14 name: "DefaultApi",15 routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}",16 defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }17 );18 19 // 添加自定义消息处理20 config.MessageHandlers.Add(new JoyMessageHandler());21 22 }23 }
WebApiConfig
编写单元测试:
1 [TestMethod()] 2 public void GetTest() 3 { 4 var id = 10; 5 var resultSuccess = $"\"value{id}\""; 6 //不加密 7 Trace.WriteLine($"without encryption."); 8 var url = $"api/ApiTest?id={id}"; 9 Trace.WriteLine($"get url : {url}");10 var response = http.GetAsync(url).Result;11 var result = response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;12 Assert.AreEqual(result, resultSuccess);13 Trace.WriteLine($"result : {result}");14 15 //使用 方案1加密16 Trace.WriteLine($"encryption case one.");17 18 url = $"api/ApiTest?code=" + $"id={id}".EncryptBase64().EncodeUrl();19 20 Trace.WriteLine($"get url : {url}");21 22 http.DefaultRequestHeaders.Clear();23 http.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("api_version", "1.0");24 response = http.GetAsync(url).Result;25 26 result = response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;27 28 Trace.WriteLine($"result : {result}");29 30 result = result.DecryptBase64();31 32 Trace.WriteLine($"DecryptBase64 : {result}");33 34 Assert.AreEqual(result, resultSuccess);35 36 //使用 方案2 加密通讯37 Trace.WriteLine($"encryption case one.");38 39 url = $"api/ApiTest?code=" + $"id={id}".EncryptDES(MessageEncryptionVersion1_1.KEY).EncodeUrl();40 41 Trace.WriteLine($"get url : {url}");42 43 http.DefaultRequestHeaders.Clear();44 http.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("api_version", "1.1");45 response = http.GetAsync(url).Result;46 47 result = response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;48 49 Trace.WriteLine($"result : {result}");50 51 result = result.DecryptDES(MessageEncryptionVersion1_1.KEY);52 53 Trace.WriteLine($"DecryptBase64 : {result}");54 55 Assert.AreEqual(result, resultSuccess);56 }
ApiTestControllerTests
至此为止功能实现完毕..
四.思想延伸
要想更加安全的方案,可以将给每位用户生成不同的 private key , 利用AES加密解密
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