Maison >interface Web >tutoriel HTML >CSS3图片翻转切换案例及其中重要属性解析
图片翻转切换,在不使用CSS3的情况下,一般都是使用JS实现动画,同时操作元素的width和left,或者height和top以模拟翻转的效果,并在适当时候改变src或者z-index实现图片切换。
无意中发现CSS3的方案, http://www.webhek.com/css-flip/ 赶紧学习并总结如下
先上代码(多数照搬自上述链接,有很大兼容问题,小心使用)
HTML:
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="flip-container"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="flipper"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="front"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>here is content : AA<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="back"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>here is content : BB<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> </span></span></span></span>
CSS:
<span style="color: #800000;">.flip-container </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;"> margin</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 30px</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> display</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> inline-block</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> border</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 1px solid #aaa</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> -webkit-perspective</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 500</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> -moz-perspective</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 500</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> -ms-perspective</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 500</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> perspective</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 500</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> -ms-transform</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> perspective(500px)</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> -moz-transform</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> perspective(500px)</span>; <span style="color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="color: #008000;">重要</span><span style="color: #008000;">*/</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> transform-style</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> preserve-3d</span>; <span style="color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="color: #008000;">重要</span><span style="color: #008000;">*/</span> }<span style="color: #800000;"> .flipper </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;"> position</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> relative</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> width</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 200px</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> height</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 200px</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> transition</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 0.6s</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> transform-style</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> preserve-3d</span>; <span style="color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="color: #008000;">重要</span><span style="color: #008000;">*/</span> } <span style="color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 触发翻转 </span><span style="color: #008000;">*/</span><span style="color: #800000;"> .flip-container:hover .flipper</span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;"> transform</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> rotateY(180deg)</span>; }<span style="color: #800000;"> .front ,.back</span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;"> position</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> absolute</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> left</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 0</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> top</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 0</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> backface-visibility</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> hidden</span>; <span style="color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="color: #008000;">重要</span><span style="color: #008000;">*/</span><span style="color: #ff0000;"> width</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 100%</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> height</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 100%</span>; }<span style="color: #800000;"> .front </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;"> transform</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> rotateY(0deg)</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> z-index</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 2</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> background</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> red</span>; }<span style="color: #800000;"> .back </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;"> transform</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> rotateY(-180deg)</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> background</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> green</span>; }
照搬结束,其中CSS中注释了重要的需要特别注意。
perspective 属性定义 3D 元素距视图的距离,以像素计。直观现象就是内层的元素在翻转时会溢出外层边框,如果不写,或者属性值为0,则只在外层边框内变化。
且属性值需要特别注意和需要翻转的元素的宽高相适应,太少溢出很夸张,太多了和设为0的区别不大。区别效果如下图所示
transform-style: preserve-3d; transform-style 属性规定如何在 3D 空间中呈现被嵌套的元素(照抄自w3cschool)。
flip-container 和 flipper 都需要设置,flip-container不设置会导致溢出的3D效果缺少,flipper 不设置则容器翻转后,我们看到的还是front的背面,backface-visibility: hidden不能体现效果。
比较坑的是transform-style即使在IE11中都是不支持的。
所以还有一个兼容IE的方案,就是不翻转容器,而是同时翻转front和back,幸好IE还是支持backface-visibility: hidden的,所以翻转效果和上一个方案一致。
HTML如下:
<span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="flip-container"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="front"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>here is content : AA<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"><span style="color: #800000;">div </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">class</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">="back"</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span>here is content : BB<span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> <span style="color: #0000ff;"></span><span style="color: #800000;">div</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">></span> </span></span></span>
由于直接翻转front和back,flipper就显得多余了,去掉了flipper。
CSS代码如下(经过多方试验,尽量支持各个浏览器,并降级处理了不支持CSS3翻转的浏览器,保留了切换效果)
<span style="color: #800000;">.flip-container </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;"> -webkit-perspective</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 500</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> -moz-perspective</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 500</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> -ms-perspective</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 500</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> perspective</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 500</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> -ms-transform</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> perspective(500px)</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> -moz-transform</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> perspective(500px)</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> -moz-transform-style</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> preserve-3d</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> -ms-transform-style</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> preserve-3d</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> margin</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 30px</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> display</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> inline-block</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> border</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 1px solid #aaa</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> position</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> relative</span>; } <span style="color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="color: #008000;">由于内层绝对定位导致高度缺少,这里显式设置了宽高</span><span style="color: #008000;">*/</span><span style="color: #800000;"> .flip-container, .front, .back </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;"> width</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 200px</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> height</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 200px</span>; }<span style="color: #800000;"> .flip-container:hover .front </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;"> -webkit-transform</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> rotateY(180deg)</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> -moz-transform</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> rotateY(180deg)</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> -o-transform</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> rotateY(180deg)</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> -ms-transform</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> rotateY(180deg)</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> transform</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> rotateY(180deg)</span>; }<span style="color: #800000;"> .flip-container:hover .back </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;"> -webkit-transform</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> rotateY(0deg)</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> -moz-transform</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> rotateY(0deg)</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> -o-transform</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> rotateY(0deg)</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> -ms-transform</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> rotateY(0deg)</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> transform</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> rotateY(0deg)</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> z-index</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 3</span>; <span style="color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 降级处理不支持CSS3的浏览器,只是简单的将back上升盖住front </span><span style="color: #008000;">*/</span> }<span style="color: #800000;"> .front, .back </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;"> -webkit-backface-visibility</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> hidden</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> -moz-backface-visibility</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> hidden</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> -ms-backface-visibility</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> hidden</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> backface-visibility</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> hidden</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> -webkit-transition</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 0.6s</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> -moz-transition</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 0.6s</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> -o-transition</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 0.6s</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> -ms-transition</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 0.6s</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> transition</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 0.6s</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> position</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> absolute</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> top</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 0px</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> left</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 0px</span>; }<span style="color: #800000;"> .front </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;"> background</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> red</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> z-index</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 2</span>; }<span style="color: #800000;"> .back </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;"> background</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> green</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> -webkit-transform</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> rotateY(-180deg)</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> -moz-transform</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> rotateY(-180deg)</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> -o-transform</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> rotateY(-180deg)</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> -ms-transform</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> rotateY(-180deg)</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> transform</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> rotateY(-180deg)</span>; }
以上也许有许多不必要的兼容代码,水平有限了,欢迎交流更简练的写法。
还有一个小TIPS,在其他情况使用hover触发元素翻转时应如下使用,固定宽高的父元素触发,子元素翻转
<span style="color: #800000;">.outer </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;"> width</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 200px</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> height</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 200px</span>; }<span style="color: #800000;"> .inner </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;"> transition</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 0.6s</span>; }<span style="color: #800000;"> .outer:hover .inner</span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;"> transform</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> rotateY(180deg)</span>; }
如下直接对元素hover触发翻转会有很大的使用问题,因为元素翻转过程中,元素区域变小,光标就脱离元素了,于是元素还原,又触发hover变小,造成不顺畅
<span style="color: #800000;">.inner </span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;"> width</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 200px</span>;<span style="color: #ff0000;"> height</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> 200px</span>;<br> transition: 0.6s; }<span style="color: #800000;"> .inner:hover</span>{<span style="color: #ff0000;"> transform</span>:<span style="color: #0000ff;"> rotateY(180deg)</span>; }