这篇文章主要介绍了使用PHP和HTML5 FormData实现无刷新文件上传教程,本文先是分解了程序的编写步骤,最后给出一个完整示例,需要的朋友可以参考下
无刷新文件上传是一个常见而又有点复杂的问题,常见的解决方案是构造 iframe 方式实现。
在 HTML5 中提供了一个 FormData 对象 API,通过 FormData 可以方便地构造一个表单请求,并通过 XMLHttpRequest 来发送。通过 FormData 对象发送文件也是可以的,如此则无刷新上传就变的非常简单了。
那么 FormData 怎么使用呢?下面脚本之家对此进行简单的介绍。
1. 构造 FormData 对象
想得到一个FormData对象,很简单:
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<p>FormData 对象只提供了一个方法 append ,用于向对象中添加表单请求参数。<br>在当前主流浏览器中,可通过如下两种方式获取或修改FormData。<br>方法一:创建一个空的FormData对象,然后再用append方法逐个添加键值对。示例:<br></p>
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<p><codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit background:none>fd.append(<codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit color:blue background:none>"name"<codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit background:none>,
<codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit color:blue background:none>"脚本之家"<codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit background:none>);</codebitstream></codebitstream></codebitstream></codebitstream></codebitstream></p>
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<codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit color:blue background:none>"http://jb51.net"<codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit background:none>);</codebitstream></codebitstream></codebitstream></codebitstream></codebitstream></p>
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document.getElementById(<codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit color:blue background:none>"file"<codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit background:none>));</codebitstream></codebitstream></codebitstream></codebitstream></codebitstream></p></tdbitstream></tdbitstream></tr></tbody></table>
<p>这种方法可以不需要 HTML 的表单对象存在。<br>方法二:取得form元素对象,将它作为参数传入FormData对象中。示例:<br></p>
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<p>当然,这里还可以使用 append 方法继续向 fd 中添加其他参数。</p>
<p>2. FormData 发送请求</p>
<p>得到 FormData 对象了,如何发送请求呢? FormData 对象主要用于增强型的 XMLHttpRequest 对象的 send 方法中。参考如下示例:<br></p>
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<p>3. jquery 中使用 FormData</p>
<p>在 jQuery 的 ajax 方法中,也可使用 FormData 方式实现无刷新上传。但要注意参数的设置,参考如下:<br></p>
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<p><codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit background:none> <codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit color:rgb background:none>*必须false才会自动加上正确的Content-Type</codebitstream></codebitstream></p>
<p><codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit background:none> <codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit color:rgb background:none>*/</codebitstream></codebitstream></p>
<p><codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit background:none> <codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit background:none>contentType:<codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-weight:bold font-size:1em min-height:inherit color:rgb background:none>false<codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit background:none>,</codebitstream></codebitstream></codebitstream></codebitstream></p>
<p><codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit background:none> <codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit color:rgb background:none>/**</codebitstream></codebitstream></p>
<p><codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit background:none> <codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit color:rgb background:none>*
必须false才会避开jQuery对 formdata 的默认处理</codebitstream></codebitstream></p>
<p><codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit background:none> <codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit color:rgb background:none>*
XMLHttpRequest会对 formdata 进行正确的处理</codebitstream></codebitstream></p>
<p><codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit background:none> <codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit color:rgb background:none>*/</codebitstream></codebitstream></p>
<p><codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit background:none> <codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit background:none>processData:<codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-weight:bold font-size:1em min-height:inherit color:rgb background:none>false</codebitstream></codebitstream></codebitstream></p>
<p><codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit background:none>}).done(<codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-weight:bold font-size:1em min-height:inherit color:rgb background:none>function<codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit background:none>(result){</codebitstream></codebitstream></codebitstream></p>
<p><codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit background:none> <codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit background:none>console.log(result);</codebitstream></codebitstream></p>
<p><codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit background:none>}).fail(<codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-weight:bold font-size:1em min-height:inherit color:rgb background:none>function<codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit background:none>(err){</codebitstream></codebitstream></codebitstream></p>
<p><codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit background:none> <codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit background:none>console.log(err);</codebitstream></codebitstream></p>
<p><codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit background:none>});</codebitstream></p></tdbitstream></tdbitstream></tr></tbody></table>
<p>4. 一个完整的示例(包含PHP处理示例):<br></p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p><divbitstream vera sans mono new min-height:inherit z-index:10 color:white background:rgb><span>?</span></divbitstream></p>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" bitstream vera sans mono new min-height:inherit background:none><tbody><tr><tdbitstream vera sans mono new min-height:inherit color:rgb background:none><p>1</p>
<p>2</p>
<p>3</p>
<p>4</p>
<p>5</p>
<p>6</p>
<p>7</p>
<p>8</p>
<p>9</p>
<p>10</p>
<p>11</p>
<p>12</p>
<p>13</p>
<p>14</p>
<p>15</p>
<p>16</p>
<p>17</p>
<p>18</p>
<p>19</p>
<p>20</p>
<p>21</p>
<p>22</p>
<p>23</p>
<p>24</p>
<p>25</p>
<p>26</p>
<p>27</p>
<p>28</p>
<p>29</p>
<p>30</p>
<p>31</p>
<p>32</p>
<p>33</p>
<p>34</p>
<p>35</p>
<p>36</p>
<p>37</p>
<p>38</p>
<p>39</p>
<p>40</p>
<p>41</p>
<p>42</p>
<p>43</p>
<p>44</p>
<p>45</p>
<p>46</p>
<p>47</p>
<p>48</p>
<p>49</p>
<p>50</p>
<p>51</p>
<p>52</p>
<p>53</p>
<p>54</p>
<p>55</p>
<p>56</p>
<p>57</p>
<p>58</p>
<p>59</p>
<p>60</p>
<p>61</p>
<p>62</p>
<p>63</p>
<p>64</p>
<p>65</p>
<tdbitstream vera sans mono new min-height:inherit background:none><p></p>
<p><codebitstream vera sans mono new border:0px bottom:auto float:none height:auto left:auto line-height:1.1em margin:0px outline:0px overflow:visible padding:0px position:static right:auto top:auto vertical-align:baseline width:auto font-size:1em min-height:inherit background:none><?php
//php
接收表单提交信息并打印
if(
isset( $_REQUEST['do'
|
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