Fatal error: session_start(): Failed to initialize storage m_PHP教程

本文章来给各位同学介绍Fatal error: session_start(): Failed to initialize storage module: files问题的解决办法。

原创解决： Fatal error: session_start(): Failed to initialize storage module: files问题

之前编译安装的LNMP环境+phpmyamdin4.02的版本，今天突然出现这个问题：
Fatal error: session_start(): Failed to initialize storage module: files (path: ) in /data/www/phpmyadmin/libraries/session.inc.php on line 83

大致意思是session会话初始化的时候储存路径有误！第一反应就是查看php.ini的配置文件中的：

代码如下	复制代码
session.save_path = "/tmp"

默认前面是加的分号，表示不启用，我之前配置的时候已经启用了。那为什么还会报错呢？，于是网上找了一些资料，感觉都千篇一律：
1、检查error.log(Apache2.2logs)文件，查看是否有错误报告。未发现。

2、检查php.ini中的session.save_handler的值是否为files，如果不是改为files

3、检查php.ini文件中session.save_path是否被注释了，如果有，则去掉前面的”;”。

4、将save_path后面的路径改成已有的路径，比如”D:phptemp”

5、检查temp文件夹的属性是否可读可写。

6、重启APACHE服务器。OK
不知道那些哥们转载的时候自己试过了没有（在这里喷一下，最讨厌那种自己都没有亲测，就一股脑的转来转去。一点都不负责!）
根据上面的流程，排查了之后发现压根就没有解决，不过璞玉的服务器是nginx非apache。
然后自己写了一个脚本test.php：

代码如下	复制代码
$r = session_start();  var_dump($r);

打印结果为：

Warning: session_start(): SAFE MODE Restriction in effect. The script whose uid is 501 is not allowed to access /tmp owned by uid 0 in /data/www/test.php on line 3 Fatal error: session_start(): Failed to initialize storage module: files (path: ) in /data/www/test.php on line 3

意思是 php5一个安全模式的bug，默认session的save_path是系统的临时目录，这样会要校验权限。而这个脚本不能通过/tmp拥有者uid为0来执行uid是501也是www用户组的权限
解决这个有两种解决方法：
1。关闭安全模式；

2。在命令行下chown改文件/目录的拥有者

当然两种方法都要求你有服务器的权限。

下面是璞玉php.ini的配置文件：

代码如下

复制代码

[Session]  ; Handler used to store/retrieve data.  ; http://php.net/session.save-handler session.save_handler = files; Argument passed to save_handler.  In the case of files, this is the path  ; where data files are stored. Note: Windows users have to change this  ; variable in order to use PHP's session functions.  ;  ; The path can be defined as:  ;  ;     session.save_path = "N;/path"  ;  ; where N is an integer.  Instead of storing all the session files in  ; /path, what this will do is use subdirectories N-levels deep, and  ; store the session data in those directories.  This is useful if you  ; or your OS have problems with lots of files in one directory, and is  ; a more efficient layout for servers that handle lots of sessions.  ;  ; NOTE 1: PHP will not create this directory structure automatically.  ;         You can use the script in the ext/session dir for that purpose.  ; NOTE 2: See the section on garbage collection below if you choose to  ;         use subdirectories for session storage  ;  ; The file storage module creates files using mode 600 by default.  ; You can change that by using  ;  ;     session.save_path = "N;MODE;/path"  ;  ; where MODE is the octal representation of the mode. Note that this  ; does not overwrite the process's umask.  ; http://php.net/session.save-path  session.save_path = "/tmp" ; Whether to use cookies.  ; http://php.net/session.use-cookies  session.use_cookies = 1 ; http://php.net/session.cookie-secure  ;session.cookie_secure = ; This option forces PHP to fetch and use a cookie for storing and maintaining  ; the session id. We encourage this operation as it's very helpful in combatting  ; session hijacking when not specifying and managing your own session id. It is  ; not the end all be all of session hijacking defense, but it's a good start.  ; http://php.net/session.use-only-cookies  session.use_only_cookies = 1 ; Name of the session (used as cookie name).  ; http://php.net/session.name  session.name = PHPSESSID ; Initialize session on request startup.  ; http://php.net/session.auto-start  session.auto_start = 0 ; Lifetime in seconds of cookie or, if 0, until browser is restarted.  ; http://php.net/session.cookie-lifetime  session.cookie_lifetime = 0 ; The path for which the cookie is valid.  ; http://php.net/session.cookie-path  session.cookie_path = / ; The domain for which the cookie is valid.  ; http://php.net/session.cookie-domain  session.cookie_domain = ; Whether or not to add the httpOnly flag to the cookie, which makes it inaccessible to browser scripting languages such as JavaScript.  ; http://php.net/session.cookie-httponly  session.cookie_httponly = ; Handler used to serialize data.  php is the standard serializer of PHP.  ; http://php.net/session.serialize-handler  session.serialize_handler = php ; Defines the probability that the 'garbage collection' process is started  ; on every session initialization. The probability is calculated by using  ; gc_probability/gc_divisor. Where session.gc_probability is the numerator  ; and gc_divisor is the denominator in the equation. Setting this value to 1  ; when the session.gc_divisor value is 100 will give you approximately a 1% chance  ; the gc will run on any give request.  ; Default Value: 1  ; Development Value: 1  ; Production Value: 1  ; http://php.net/session.gc-probability  session.gc_probability = 1 ; Defines the probability that the 'garbage collection' process is started on every  ; session initialization. The probability is calculated by using the following equation:  ; gc_probability/gc_divisor. Where session.gc_probability is the numerator and  ; session.gc_divisor is the denominator in the equation. Setting this value to 1  ; when the session.gc_divisor value is 100 will give you approximately a 1% chance  ; the gc will run on any give request. Increasing this value to 1000 will give you  ; a 0.1% chance the gc will run on any give request. For high volume production servers,  ; this is a more efficient approach.  ; Default Value: 100  ; Development Value: 1000  ; Production Value: 1000  ; http://php.net/session.gc-divisor  session.gc_divisor = 1000 ; After this number of seconds, stored data will be seen as 'garbage' and  ; cleaned up by the garbage collection process.  ; http://php.net/session.gc-maxlifetime  session.gc_maxlifetime = 1440 ; NOTE: If you are using the subdirectory option for storing session files  ;       (see session.save_path above), then garbage collection does *not*  ;       happen automatically.  You will need to do your own garbage  ;       collection through a shell script, cron entry, or some other method.  ;       For example, the following script would is the equivalent of  ;       setting session.gc_maxlifetime to 1440 (1440 seconds = 24 minutes):  ;          find /path/to/sessions -cmin +24 | xargs rm ; PHP 4.2 and less have an undocumented feature/bug that allows you to  ; to initialize a session variable in the global scope, even when register_globals  ; is disabled.  PHP 4.3 and later will warn you, if this feature is used.  ; You can disable the feature and the warning separately. At this time,  ; the warning is only displayed, if bug_compat_42 is enabled. This feature  ; introduces some serious security problems if not handled correctly. It's  ; recommended that you do not use this feature on production servers. But you  ; should enable this on development servers and enable the warning as well. If you  ; do not enable the feature on development servers, you won't be warned when it's  ; used and debugging errors caused by this can be difficult to track down.  ; Default Value: On  ; Development Value: On  ; Production Value: Off  ; http://php.net/session.bug-compat-42  session.bug_compat_42 = Off ; This setting controls whether or not you are warned by PHP when initializing a  ; session value into the global space. session.bug_compat_42 must be enabled before  ; these warnings can be issued by PHP. See the directive above for more information.  ; Default Value: On  ; Development Value: On  ; Production Value: Off  ; http://php.net/session.bug-compat-warn  session.bug_compat_warn = Off ; Check HTTP Referer to invalidate externally stored URLs containing ids.  ; HTTP_REFERER has to contain this substring for the session to be  ; considered as valid.  ; http://php.net/session.referer-check  session.referer_check = ; How many bytes to read from the file.  ; http://php.net/session.entropy-length  session.entropy_length = 0 ; Specified here to create the session id.  ; http://php.net/session.entropy-file  ; On systems that don't have /dev/urandom /dev/arandom can be used  ; On windows, setting the entropy_length setting will activate the  ; Windows random source (using the CryptoAPI)  ;session.entropy_file = /dev/urandom ; Set to {nocache,private,public,} to determine HTTP caching aspects  ; or leave this empty to avoid sending anti-caching headers.  ; http://php.net/session.cache-limiter  session.cache_limiter = nocache ; Document expires after n minutes.  ; http://php.net/session.cache-expire  session.cache_expire = 180 ; trans sid support is disabled by default.  ; Use of trans sid may risk your users security.  ; Use this option with caution.  ; - User may send URL contains active session ID  ;   to other person via. email/irc/etc.  ; - URL that contains active session ID may be stored  ;   in publically accessible computer.  ; - User may access your site with the same session ID  ;   always using URL stored in browser's history or bookmarks.  ; http://php.net/session.use-trans-sid  session.use_trans_sid = 0 ; Select a hash function for use in generating session ids.  ; Possible Values  ;   0  (MD5 128 bits)  ;   1  (SHA-1 160 bits)  ; This option may also be set to the name of any hash function supported by  ; the hash extension. A list of available hashes is returned by the hash_algos()  ; function.  ; http://php.net/session.hash-function  session.hash_function = 0 ; Define how many bits are stored in each character when converting  ; the binary hash data to something readable.  ; Possible values:  ;   4  (4 bits: 0-9, a-f)  ;   5  (5 bits: 0-9, a-v)  ;   6  (6 bits: 0-9, a-z, A-Z, "-", ",")  ; Default Value: 4  ; Development Value: 5  ; Production Value: 5  ; http://php.net/session.hash-bits-per-character  session.hash_bits_per_character = 5 ; The URL rewriter will look for URLs in a defined set of HTML tags.  ; form/fieldset are special; if you include them here, the rewriter will  ; add a hidden field with the info which is otherwise appended  ; to URLs.  If you want XHTML conformity, remove the form entry.  ; Note that all valid entries require a "=", even if no value follows.  ; Default Value: "a=href,area=href,frame=src,form=,fieldset="  ; Development Value: "a=href,area=href,frame=src,input=src,form=fakeentry"  ; Production Value: "a=href,area=href,frame=src,input=src,form=fakeentry"  ; http://php.net/url-rewriter.tags  url_rewriter.tags = "a=href,area=href,frame=src,input=src,form=fakeentry"

因为这个是在一台VPS上面配置的，上面有多个项目，于是璞玉打开一个项目，发现此项
目的验证码功能是OK的。
于是查看代码如下：

代码如下	复制代码
$sessSavePath = "/data/sessions/";  // Session保存路径  if(is_writeable($sessSavePath) && is_readable($sessSavePath)){ session_save_path($sessSavePath); }  if(!empty($cfg_domain_cookie)) session_set_cookie_params(0,'/',$cfg_domain_cookie);

上面这个代码是在session_start() 初始化之前来判断是否存在session会话的文件夹。
于是就在phpmyadmin里面的保存的那个文件/phpmyadmin/libraries/session.inc.php做了下修改:

代码如下

复制代码

if (! isset($_COOKIE[$session_name])) {  // on first start of session we check for errors  // f.e. session dir cannot be accessed - session file not created  $orig_error_count = $GLOBALS['error_handler']->countErrors();  //session_save_path('./tmp');  session_save_path("/data/www/session");  $r = session_start();  if ($r !== true  || $orig_error_count != $GLOBALS['error_handler']->countErrors()  ) {  setcookie($session_name, '', 1);  /*  * Session initialization is done before selecting language, so we  * can not use translations here.  */  PMA_fatalError('Cannot start session without errors, please check errors given in your PHP and/or webserver log file and configure your PHP installation properly. Also ensure that cookies are enabled in your browser.');  }  unset($orig_error_count);  } else {  session_save_path("/data/www/session");  session_start();  }

在    session_start();  前面添加了  session_save_path(“/data/www/session”); 就解决了这个问题。
切记通过@ini_set(‘session.save_path’, ”/data/www/session”);无效！
这个问题困扰了我几个小时，终于解决了，所以就记录下来，对日后应该会有帮助。
如果对你有帮助，请留言。如果有什么意见欢迎交流！

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