Maison > Article > développement back-end > session放入缓存(redis)、DB,sessionredis_PHP教程
就php来说,语言本身支持的session是以文件的方式保存到磁盘文件中,保存在指定的文件夹中,保存的路径可以在配置文件中设置或者在程序中使用函数session_save_path()进行设置,但是这么做有弊端,
<p>第一就是保存到文件系统中,效率低,只要有用到session就会从好多个文件中查找指定的sessionid,效率很低。</p> <p>第二就是当用到多台服务器的时候可能会出现,session丢失问题(其实是保存在了其他服务器上)。</p>
当然了,保存在缓存中可以解决上面的问题,如果使用php本身的session函数,可以使用session_set_save_handler()函数很方便的对session的处理过程进行重新控制。如果不用php的session系列函数,可以自己编写个类似的session函数,也是可以的,我现在做的这个项目就是这样,会根据用户的mid、登录时间进行求hash作为sessionId,每次请求的时候都必须加上sessionId才算合法(第一次登录的时候是不需要的,这个时候会创建sessionId,返回给客户端),这么做也很方便、简洁高效的。当然了,我这篇文章主要说的是在php自身的SESSION中”做做手脚”。
php将缓存保存到redis中,可以使用配置文件,对session的处理和保存做修改,当然了,在程序中使用ini_set()函数去修改也可以,这个很方便测试,我这里就使用这种方式,当然了,要是生产环境还是建议使用配置文件。
<?<span>php </span><span>ini_set</span>("session.save_handler", "redis"<span>); </span><span>ini_set</span>("session.save_path", "tcp://localhost:6379"<span>); </span><span>session_start</span><span>(); </span><span>header</span>("Content-type:text/html;charset=utf-8"<span>); </span><span>if</span>(<span>isset</span>(<span>$_SESSION</span>['view'<span>])){ </span><span>$_SESSION</span>['view'] = <span>$_SESSION</span>['view'] + 1<span>; }</span><span>else</span><span>{ </span><span>$_SESSION</span>['view'] = 1<span>; } </span><span>echo</span> "【view】{<span>$_SESSION</span>['view']}";
这里设置session.save_handler方式为redis,session.save_path为redis的地址和端口,设置之后刷新,再回头查看redis,会发现redis中的生成了sessionId,sessionId和浏览器请求的是一样的,
open(string $savePath, string $sessionName); //open类似于构造函数,开始会话的时候会调用,比如使用session_start()函数之后
close(); //类似于类的析构函数,在write函数调用之后调用,session_write_close()之后之后也会执行
read(string $sessionId); //读取session的时候调用
write(string $sessionId, string $data); //保存数据的时候调用
destory($sessionId); //销毁会话的时候(session_destory()或者session_regenerate_id())会调用
gc($lifeTime); //垃圾清理函数,清理掉过期作废的数据
主要就是实现这几个方法,根据不同的存储驱动可以自己设置不同的具体方法,我实现了mysql数据库和redis这两种保存session的驱动,如果有需要的话可以自己去扩展,扩展很方便很容易。
下面是我的redis的实现(db和redis差不多,redis代码少,贴出来):
我使用了接口的方式,这样扩展起来更方便,那天想用memcached了,直接添加就行了
<?<span>php </span><span>include_once</span> __DIR__."/interfaceSession.php"<span>; </span><span>/*</span><span>* * 以db的方式存储session </span><span>*/</span> <span>class</span> redisSession <span>implements</span><span> interfaceSession{ </span><span>/*</span><span>* * 保存session的数据库表的信息 </span><span>*/</span> <span>private</span> <span>$_options</span> = <span>array</span><span>( </span>'handler' => <span>null</span>, <span>//</span><span>数据库连接句柄</span> 'host' => <span>null</span>, 'port' => <span>null</span>, 'lifeTime' => <span>null</span>,<span> ); </span><span>/*</span><span>* * 构造函数 * @param $options 设置信息数组 </span><span>*/</span> <span>public</span> <span>function</span> __construct(<span>$options</span>=<span>array</span><span>()){ </span><span>if</span>(!<span>class_exists</span>("redis", <span>false</span><span>)){ </span><span>die</span>("必须安装redis扩展"<span>); } </span><span>if</span>(!<span>isset</span>(<span>$options</span>['lifeTime']) || <span>$options</span>['lifeTime'] <= 0<span>){ </span><span>$options</span>['lifeTime'] = <span>ini_get</span>('session.gc_maxlifetime'<span>); } </span><span>$this</span>->_options = <span>array_merge</span>(<span>$this</span>->_options, <span>$options</span><span>); } </span><span>/*</span><span>* * 开始使用该驱动的session </span><span>*/</span> <span>public</span> <span>function</span><span> begin(){ </span><span>if</span>(<span>$this</span>->_options['host'] === <span>null</span> || <span>$this</span>->_options['port'] === <span>null</span> || <span>$this</span>->_options['lifeTime'] === <span>null</span><span> ){ </span><span>return</span> <span>false</span><span>; } </span><span>//</span><span>设置session处理函数</span> <span>session_set_save_handler</span><span>( </span><span>array</span>(<span>$this</span>, 'open'), <span>array</span>(<span>$this</span>, 'close'), <span>array</span>(<span>$this</span>, 'read'), <span>array</span>(<span>$this</span>, 'write'), <span>array</span>(<span>$this</span>, 'destory'), <span>array</span>(<span>$this</span>, 'gc'<span>) ); } </span><span>/*</span><span>* * 自动开始回话或者session_start()开始回话后第一个调用的函数 * 类似于构造函数的作用 * @param $savePath 默认的保存路径 * @param $sessionName 默认的参数名,PHPSESSID </span><span>*/</span> <span>public</span> <span>function</span> open(<span>$savePath</span>, <span>$sessionName</span><span>){ </span><span>if</span>(<span>is_resource</span>(<span>$this</span>->_options['handler'])) <span>return</span> <span>true</span><span>; </span><span>//</span><span>连接redis</span> <span>$redisHandle</span> = <span>new</span><span> Redis(); </span><span>$redisHandle</span>->connect(<span>$this</span>->_options['host'], <span>$this</span>->_options['port'<span>]); </span><span>if</span>(!<span>$redisHandle</span><span>){ </span><span>return</span> <span>false</span><span>; } </span><span>$this</span>->_options['handler'] = <span>$redisHandle</span><span>; </span><span>$this</span>->gc(<span>null</span><span>); </span><span>return</span> <span>true</span><span>; } </span><span>/*</span><span>* * 类似于析构函数,在write之后调用或者session_write_close()函数之后调用 </span><span>*/</span> <span>public</span> <span>function</span><span> close(){ </span><span>return</span> <span>$this</span>->_options['handler']-><span>close(); } </span><span>/*</span><span>* * 读取session信息 * @param $sessionId 通过该Id唯一确定对应的session数据 * @return session信息/空串 </span><span>*/</span> <span>public</span> <span>function</span> read(<span>$sessionId</span><span>){ </span><span>return</span> <span>$this</span>->_options['handler']->get(<span>$sessionId</span><span>); } </span><span>/*</span><span>* * 写入或者修改session数据 * @param $sessionId 要写入数据的session对应的id * @param $sessionData 要写入的数据,已经序列化过了 </span><span>*/</span> <span>public</span> <span>function</span> write(<span>$sessionId</span>, <span>$sessionData</span><span>){ </span><span>return</span> <span>$this</span>->_options['handler']->setex(<span>$sessionId</span>, <span>$this</span>->_options['lifeTime'], <span>$sessionData</span><span>); } </span><span>/*</span><span>* * 主动销毁session会话 * @param $sessionId 要销毁的会话的唯一id </span><span>*/</span> <span>public</span> <span>function</span> destory(<span>$sessionId</span><span>){ </span><span>return</span> <span>$this</span>->_options['handler']->delete(<span>$sessionId</span>) >= 1 ? <span>true</span> : <span>false</span><span>; } </span><span>/*</span><span>* * 清理绘画中的过期数据 * @param 有效期 </span><span>*/</span> <span>public</span> <span>function</span> gc(<span>$lifeTime</span><span>){ </span><span>//</span><span>获取所有sessionid,让过期的释放掉</span> <span>$this</span>->_options['handler']->keys("*"<span>); </span><span>return</span> <span>true</span><span>; } }</span>
看看简单工厂模式
<span>class</span><span> session { </span><span>/*</span><span>* * 驱动程序句柄保存 </span><span>*/</span> <span>private</span> <span>static</span> <span>$_handler</span> = <span>null</span><span>; </span><span>/*</span><span>* * 创建session驱动程序 </span><span>*/</span> <span>public</span> <span>static</span> <span>function</span> getSession(<span>$type</span>, <span>$options</span><span>){ </span><span>//</span><span>单例</span> <span>if</span>(<span>isset</span>(<span>$handler</span><span>)){ </span><span>return</span> self::<span>$_handler</span><span>; } </span><span>switch</span> (<span>$type</span><span>) { </span><span>case</span> 'db': <span>//</span><span>数据库驱动session类型</span> <span>include_once</span> __DIR__."/driver/dbSession.php"<span>; </span><span>$handler</span> = <span>new</span> dbSession(<span>$options</span><span>); </span><span>break</span><span>; </span><span>case</span> 'redis': <span>//</span><span>redis驱动session类型</span> <span>include_once</span> __DIR__."/driver/redisSession.php"<span>; </span><span>$handler</span> = <span>new</span> redisSession(<span>$options</span><span>); </span><span>break</span><span>; </span><span>default</span>: <span>return</span> <span>false</span><span>; </span><span>break</span><span>; } </span><span>return</span> self::<span>$_handler</span> = <span>$handler</span><span>; } }</span>
调用也很简单,
session::getSession('redis',<span>array</span><span>( </span>'host' => "localhost", 'port' => "6379",<span> ))</span>-><span>begin(); </span><span>session_start</span>();
数据库版本的也一样很简单就可以配置,需要的话可以在这里下载完整版和demo
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