Maison >interface Web >js tutoriel >Maîtriser le chargement paresseux de React : un guide complet d'introduction
React Lazy Loading est une technique d'optimisation des performances puissante qui permet de réduire la taille initiale du bundle de votre application en divisant le code en morceaux plus petits et en les chargeant à la demande. Ce guide vous montrera comment implémenter efficacement le chargement différé dans vos applications React.
React fournit deux fonctionnalités principales pour implémenter le fractionnement de code :
import React, { lazy, Suspense } from 'react'; // Instead of regular import // import ExpensiveComponent from './ExpensiveComponent'; // Use lazy loading const ExpensiveComponent = lazy(() => import('./ExpensiveComponent')); function App() { return ( <Suspense fallback={<div>Loading...</div>}> <ExpensiveComponent /> </Suspense> ); }
import React, { lazy, Suspense } from 'react'; import { BrowserRouter as Router, Routes, Route } from 'react-router-dom'; // Lazy load route components const Home = lazy(() => import('./routes/Home')); const Dashboard = lazy(() => import('./routes/Dashboard')); const Profile = lazy(() => import('./routes/Profile')); function App() { return ( <Router> <Suspense fallback={<div>Loading...</div>}> <Routes> <Route path="/" element={<Home />} /> <Route path="/dashboard" element={<Dashboard />} /> <Route path="/profile" element={<Profile />} /> </Routes> </Suspense> </Router> ); }
const LoadingSpinner = () => ( <div className="loading-spinner"> <div className="spinner"></div> <p>Loading content...</p> </div> ); // Reusable lazy loading wrapper const LazyComponent = ({ component: Component, ...props }) => { return ( <Suspense fallback={<LoadingSpinner />}> <Component {...props} /> </Suspense> ); }; // Usage const MyLazyComponent = lazy(() => import('./MyComponent')); <LazyComponent component={MyLazyComponent} someProp="value" />;
class ErrorBoundary extends React.Component { constructor(props) { super(props); this.state = { hasError: false }; } static getDerivedStateFromError(error) { return { hasError: true }; } componentDidCatch(error, errorInfo) { console.error('Lazy loading error:', error, errorInfo); } render() { if (this.state.hasError) { return <div>Something went wrong. Please try again.</div>; } return this.props.children; } } // Usage with lazy loading function App() { return ( <ErrorBoundary> <Suspense fallback={<LoadingSpinner />}> <MyLazyComponent /> </Suspense> </ErrorBoundary> ); }
const MyLazyComponent = lazy(() => import('./MyComponent')); // Preload component when hovering over a button function PreloadButton() { const handleMouseEnter = () => { const componentPromise = import('./MyComponent'); // Component will start loading on hover }; return ( <button onMouseEnter={handleMouseEnter} onClick={() => setShowComponent(true)} > Show Component </button> ); }
// Too fine-grained (avoid) const Button = lazy(() => import('./Button')); // Better - lazy load feature modules const FeatureModule = lazy(() => import('./features/FeatureModule'));
// Lazy load related components together const AdminDashboard = lazy(() => import('./admin/Dashboard')); // This will load all admin components in one chunk
const LoadingFallback = () => ( <div className="loading-state"> <Skeleton /> {/* Use skeleton loading */} <ProgressBar /> {/* Show loading progress */} </div> ); function App() { return ( <Suspense fallback={<LoadingFallback />}> <MyLazyComponent /> </Suspense> ); }
const Modal = lazy(() => import('./Modal')); function App() { const [isOpen, setIsOpen] = useState(false); return ( <> <button onClick={() => setIsOpen(true)}>Open Modal</button> {isOpen && ( <Suspense fallback={<LoadingSpinner />}> <Modal onClose={() => setIsOpen(false)} /> </Suspense> )} </> ); }
function FeatureFlag({ flag, children }) { const LazyFeature = lazy(() => flag ? import('./NewFeature') : import('./OldFeature') ); return ( <Suspense fallback={<LoadingSpinner />}> <LazyFeature>{children}</LazyFeature> </Suspense> ); }
// Use webpack magic comments for better debugging const AdminPanel = lazy(() => import(/* webpackChunkName: "admin" */ './AdminPanel') );
// High-priority routes const MainContent = lazy(() => import(/* webpackPrefetch: true */ './MainContent') ); // Lower-priority features const Analytics = lazy(() => import(/* webpackPreload: true */ './Analytics') );
const trackComponentLoad = (componentName) => { // Track loading time and success performance.mark(`${componentName}-start`); return { success: () => { performance.mark(`${componentName}-end`); performance.measure( `${componentName}-load`, `${componentName}-start`, `${componentName}-end` ); }, error: (error) => { // Log error to analytics console.error(`Failed to load ${componentName}:`, error); } }; } // Usage const MyComponent = lazy(() => { const tracking = trackComponentLoad('MyComponent'); return import('./MyComponent') .then(module => { tracking.success(); return module; }) .catch(error => { tracking.error(error); throw error; }); });
React Lazy Loading est un outil essentiel pour optimiser les grandes applications React. En suivant ces modèles et bonnes pratiques, vous pouvez améliorer considérablement le temps de chargement initial et les performances globales de votre application.
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