Maison > Article > interface Web > MUI TextField : créer des variantes, des couleurs et des styles
Le champ de texte mui est un composant fondamental de Material-UI, conçu pour capturer les entrées de l'utilisateur de manière efficace et élégante. Ce guide explore ses variantes de construction, sa personnalisation approfondie via des couleurs et des styles, ainsi que des cas d'utilisation pratiques pour améliorer l'UI/UX de votre application.
Le champ de texte mui fournit un composant d'interface hautement adaptable pour les entrées utilisateur dans les applications Web, prenant en charge une gamme de styles, de configurations et d'interactions utilisateur. Que vous collectiez des entrées de texte simples, des mots de passe ou des entrées multilignes plus complexes, mui textfield offre la flexibilité nécessaire pour répondre à ces besoins avec des options de personnalisation robustes.
Material-UI propose trois variantes de construction distinctes pour le champ de texte mui de base, chacune adaptée à différentes préférences d'interface utilisateur et expériences utilisateur :
Implémentation avec Code :
import * as React from 'react'; import Box from '@mui/material/Box'; import TextField from '@mui/material/TextField'; // BasicTextFields Component: Demonstrates different TextField variants. export default function BasicTextFields() { return ( // Container component for form elements with specified margins and width <Box component="form" sx={{ '& > :not(style)': { m: 1, width: '25ch' } }} // Apply margin and width to each TextField noValidate // Disables browser validation autoComplete="off" // Disables autocomplete feature > {/* Outlined TextField: Uses a border to define the input area */} <TextField id="outlined-basic" label="Outlined" variant="outlined" /> {/* Filled TextField: Includes a background fill to highlight the input area */} <TextField id="filled-basic" label="Filled" variant="filled" /> {/* Standard TextField: Features a minimalist design with a bottom underline */} <TextField id="standard-basic" label="Standard" variant="standard" /> </Box> ); }
Le champ de texte mui est équipé pour gérer une variété d'attributs de formulaire standard qui améliorent la fonctionnalité et l'interaction de l'utilisateur. Ces attributs incluent des options telles que requis, désactivé et type, qui sont essentielles pour guider les entrées de l'utilisateur et maintenir l'intégrité du formulaire. De plus, la prop helperText est particulièrement utile pour fournir un contexte sur la saisie d’un champ, expliquer son utilité ou offrir des conseils sur le format attendu.
Voici les principaux accessoires de formulaire :
Implémentation avec Code :
import * as React from 'react'; import Box from '@mui/material/Box'; import TextField from '@mui/material/TextField'; // FormPropsTextFields Component: Showcases TextField with various props and states. export default function FormPropsTextFields() { return ( // Container for the form elements with specified margins and width <Box component="form" sx={{ '& .MuiTextField-root': { m: 1, width: '25ch' } }} noValidate // Disables HTML5 validation autoComplete="off" // Turns off auto-completion > {/* Section for Outlined TextFields with various configurations */} <div> <TextField required id="outlined-required" label="Required" defaultValue="Hello World" // Pre-filled text /> <TextField disabled id="outlined-disabled" label="Disabled" defaultValue="Hello World" // Pre-filled text, non-interactive /> <TextField id="outlined-password-input" label="Password" type="password" // Hides the text input autoComplete="current-password" /> <TextField id="outlined-read-only-input" label="Read Only" defaultValue="Hello World" slotProps={{ input: { readOnly: true } }} // Non-editable input /> <TextField id="outlined-number" label="Number" type="number" // Numeric input slotProps={{ inputLabel: { shrink: true } }} // Label configuration /> <TextField id="outlined-search" label="Search field" type="search" // Optimized for search input /> <TextField id="outlined-helperText" label="Helper text" defaultValue="Default Value" helperText="Some important text" // Additional information for the user /> </div> {/* Section for Filled TextFields, similar configurations as above, different variant */} <div> <TextField required id="filled-required" label="Required" defaultValue="Hello World" variant="filled" /> <TextField disabled id="filled-disabled" label="Disabled" defaultValue="Hello World" variant="filled" /> // Remaining Filled TextFields omitted for brevity </div> {/* Section for Standard TextFields, similar configurations as above, different variant */} <div> <TextField required id="standard-required" label="Required" defaultValue="Hello World" variant="standard" /> <TextField disabled id="standard-disabled" label="Disabled" defaultValue="Hello World" variant="standard" /> // Remaining Standard TextFields omitted for brevity </div> </Box> ); }
L'accessoire multiligne dans le champ de texte mui est une fonctionnalité puissante qui transforme le champ de texte standard en un élément TextareaAutosize, ce qui le rend idéal pour les entrées nécessitant des entrées de texte plus longues telles que des commentaires, des descriptions ou des formulaires de commentaires. Cette fonctionnalité est particulièrement utile dans les formulaires où les utilisateurs doivent fournir des informations détaillées dépassant une seule ligne de texte.
Pour les scénarios où vous avez besoin de plus de contrôle sur la taille du champ de texte, vous pouvez utiliser les accessoires minRows et maxRows pour définir des limites minimales et maximales pour sa hauteur. Ceci est particulièrement utile lorsque vous souhaitez conserver une certaine esthétique de mise en page ou lorsque vous traitez des entrées de formulaire qui devraient respecter des contraintes de longueur spécifiques.
Implémentation avec Code :
import * as React from 'react'; import Box from '@mui/material/Box'; import TextField from '@mui/material/TextField'; // MULTILINE TEXT FIELDS COMPONENT: Demonstrates various multiline TextField configurations. export default function MultilineTextFields() { return ( // Container for the multiline TextField elements with specified margins and width <Box component="form" sx={{ '& .MuiTextField-root': { m: 1, width: '25ch' } }} noValidate // Disables browser validation autoComplete="off" // Turns off auto-completion > {/* OUTLINED TEXTFIELDS GROUP */} <div> <TextField id="outlined-multiline-flexible" label="Multiline" multiline maxRows={4} // Allows flexible number of rows up to 4 /> <TextField id="outlined-textarea" label="Multiline Placeholder" placeholder="Placeholder" // Placeholder text for empty field multiline /> <TextField id="outlined-multiline-static" label="Multiline" multiline rows={4} // Fixed number of rows defaultValue="Default Value" // Pre-filled text /> </div> {/* FILLED TEXTFIELDS GROUP */} <div> <TextField id="filled-multiline-flexible" label="Multiline" multiline maxRows={4} variant="filled" // Filled style variant /> <TextField id="filled-textarea" label="Multiline Placeholder" placeholder="Placeholder" multiline variant="filled" /> <TextField id="filled-multiline-static" label="Multiline" multiline rows={4} defaultValue="Default Value" variant="filled" /> </div> {/* STANDARD TEXTFIELDS GROUP */} <div> <TextField id="standard-multiline-flexible" label="Multiline" multiline maxRows={4} variant="standard" // Standard style variant /> <TextField id="standard-textarea" label="Multiline Placeholder" placeholder="Placeholder" multiline variant="standard" /> <TextField id="standard-multiline-static" label="Multiline" multiline rows={4} defaultValue="Default Value" variant="standard" /> </div> </Box> ); }
Le prop select dans mui textfield transforme le champ de texte standard en un menu déroulant en intégrant le composant Select en interne. Cette modification permet une sélection transparente parmi les options prédéfinies, ce qui la rend particulièrement utile dans les formulaires où les utilisateurs doivent choisir parmi une liste définie.
Implémentation avec Code :
import * as React from 'react'; import Box from '@mui/material/Box'; import TextField from '@mui/material/TextField'; import MenuItem from '@mui/material/MenuItem'; // Currency options for the select dropdown. const currencies = [ { value: 'USD', label: '$' }, { value: 'EUR', label: '€' }, { value: 'BTC', label: '฿' }, { value: 'JPY', label: '¥' }, ]; // SELECT TEXT FIELDS COMPONENT: Demonstrates TextField with select dropdowns. export default function SelectTextFields() { return ( // Container for the select TextField elements with specified margins and width <Box component="form" sx={{ '& .MuiTextField-root': { m: 1, width: '25ch' } }} noValidate // Disables browser validation autoComplete="off" // Turns off auto-completion > {/* OUTLINED SELECT TEXTFIELDS GROUP */} <div> <TextField id="outlined-select-currency" select label="Select" defaultValue="EUR" // Pre-selected currency helperText="Please select your currency" // Additional information for the user > {currencies.map((option) => ( <MenuItem key={option.value} value={option.value}> {option.label} </MenuItem> ))} </TextField> <TextField id="outlined-select-currency-native" select label="Native select" defaultValue="EUR" slotProps={{ select: { native: true } }} // Uses native select element helperText="Please select your currency" > {currencies.map((option) => ( <option key={option.value} value={option.value}> {option.label} </option> ))} </TextField> </div> {/* FILLED SELECT TEXTFIELDS GROUP */} <div> <TextField id="filled-select-currency" select label="Select" defaultValue="EUR" variant="filled" // Filled style variant helperText="Please select your currency" > {currencies.map((option) => ( <MenuItem key={option.value} value={option.value}> {option.label} </MenuItem> ))} </TextField> <TextField id="filled-select-currency-native" select label="Native select" defaultValue="EUR" variant="filled" slotProps={{ select: { native: true } }} helperText="Please select your currency" > {currencies.map((option) => ( <option key={option.value} value={option.value}> {option.label} </option> ))} </TextField> </div> {/* STANDARD SELECT TEXTFIELDS GROUP */} <div> <TextField id="standard-select-currency" select label="Select" defaultValue="EUR" variant="standard" // Standard style variant helperText="Please select your currency" > {currencies.map((option) => ( <MenuItem key={option.value} value={option.value}> {option.label} </MenuItem> ))} </TextField> <TextField id="standard-select-currency-native" select label="Native select" defaultValue="EUR" variant="standard" slotProps={{ select: { native: true } }} helperText="Please select your currency" > {currencies.map((option) => ( <option key={option.value} value={option.value}> {option.label} </option> ))} </TextField> </div> </Box> ); }
Input Adornments in Material-UI's mui textfield offer a flexible way to incorporate additional elements like prefixes, suffixes, or interactive icons directly within the text field.
Implementation with Code:
import * as React from 'react'; import Box from '@mui/material/Box'; import IconButton from '@mui/material/IconButton'; import Input from '@mui/material/Input'; import FilledInput from '@mui/material/FilledInput'; import OutlinedInput from '@mui/material/OutlinedInput'; import InputLabel from '@mui/material/InputLabel'; import InputAdornment from '@mui/material/InputAdornment'; import FormHelperText from '@mui/material/FormHelperText'; import FormControl from '@mui/material/FormControl'; import TextField from '@mui/material/TextField'; import Visibility from '@mui/icons-material/Visibility'; import VisibilityOff from '@mui/icons-material/VisibilityOff'; // INPUT ADORNMENTS COMPONENT: Demonstrates various ways to use Input Adornments with TextField and FormControl. export default function InputAdornments() { const [showPassword, setShowPassword] = React.useState(false); const handleClickShowPassword = () => setShowPassword((show) => !show); const handleMouseDownPassword = (event) => event.preventDefault(); const handleMouseUpPassword = (event) => event.preventDefault(); return ( <Box sx={{ display: 'flex', flexWrap: 'wrap' }}> {/* OUTLINED VARIANT GROUP */} <div> <TextField label="With normal TextField" id="outlined-start-adornment" sx={{ m: 1, width: '25ch' }} InputProps={{ startAdornment: <InputAdornment position="start">kg</InputAdornment>, }} /> <FormControl sx={{ m: 1, width: '25ch' }} variant="outlined"> <OutlinedInput id="outlined-adornment-weight" endAdornment={<InputAdornment position="end">kg</InputAdornment>} aria-describedby="outlined-weight-helper-text" /> <FormHelperText id="outlined-weight-helper-text">Weight</FormHelperText> </FormControl> <FormControl sx={{ m: 1, width: '25ch' }} variant="outlined"> <InputLabel htmlFor="outlined-adornment-password">Password</InputLabel> <OutlinedInput id="outlined-adornment-password" type={showPassword ? 'text' : 'password'} endAdornment={ <InputAdornment position="end"> <IconButton aria-label="toggle password visibility" onClick={handleClickShowPassword} onMouseDown={handleMouseDownPassword} onMouseUp={handleMouseUpPassword} edge="end" > {showPassword ? <VisibilityOff /> : <Visibility />} </IconButton> </InputAdornment> } label="Password" /> </FormControl> <FormControl fullWidth sx={{ m: 1 }}> <InputLabel htmlFor="outlined-adornment-amount">Amount</InputLabel> <OutlinedInput id="outlined-adornment-amount" startAdornment={<InputAdornment position="start">$</InputAdornment>} label="Amount" /> </FormControl> </div> {/* FILLED VARIANT GROUP */} <div> <TextField label="With normal TextField" id="filled-start-adornment" sx={{ m: 1, width: '25ch' }} InputProps={{ startAdornment: <InputAdornment position="start">kg</InputAdornment>, }} variant="filled" /> <FormControl sx={{ m: 1, width: '25ch' }} variant="filled"> <FilledInput id="filled-adornment-weight" endAdornment={<InputAdornment position="end">kg</InputAdornment>} aria-describedby="filled-weight-helper-text" /> <FormHelperText id="filled-weight-helper-text">Weight</FormHelperText> </FormControl> <FormControl sx={{ m: 1, width: '25ch' }} variant="filled"> <InputLabel htmlFor="filled-adornment-password">Password</InputLabel> <FilledInput id="filled-adornment-password" type={showPassword ? 'text' : 'password'} endAdornment={ <InputAdornment position="end"> <IconButton aria-label="toggle password visibility" onClick={handleClickShowPassword} onMouseDown={handleMouseDownPassword} onMouseUp={handleMouseUpPassword} edge="end" > {showPassword ? <VisibilityOff /> : <Visibility />} </IconButton> </InputAdornment> } /> </FormControl> <FormControl fullWidth sx={{ m: 1 }} variant="filled"> <InputLabel htmlFor="filled-adornment-amount">Amount</InputLabel> <FilledInput id="filled-adornment-amount" startAdornment={<InputAdornment position="start">$</InputAdornment>} /> </FormControl> </div> {/* STANDARD VARIANT GROUP */} <div> <TextField label="With normal TextField" id="standard-start-adornment" sx={{ m: 1, width: '25ch' }} InputProps={{ startAdornment: <InputAdornment position="start">kg</InputAdornment>, }} variant="standard" /> <FormControl variant="standard" sx={{ m: 1, mt: 3, width: '25ch' }}> <Input id="standard-adornment-weight" endAdornment={<InputAdornment position="end">kg</InputAdornment>} aria-describedby="standard-weight-helper-text" /> <FormHelperText id="standard-weight-helper-text">Weight</FormHelperText> </FormControl> <FormControl sx={{ m: 1, width: '25ch' }} variant="standard"> <Input id="standard-adornment-password" type={showPassword ? 'text' : 'password'} endAdornment={ <InputAdornment position="end"> <IconButton aria-label="toggle password visibility" onClick={handleClickShowPassword} onMouseDown={handleMouseDownPassword} onMouseUp={handleMouseUpPassword} > {showPassword ? <VisibilityOff /> : <Visibility />} </IconButton> </InputAdornment> } /> </FormControl> <FormControl fullWidth sx={{ m: 1 }} variant="standard"> <InputLabel htmlFor="standard-adornment-amount">Amount</InputLabel> <Input id="standard-adornment-amount" startAdornment={<InputAdornment position="start">$</InputAdornment>} /> </FormControl> </div> </Box> ) };
The margin prop in the mui textfield component is a practical attribute that allows you to control the vertical spacing of the text field within a form. This can be crucial for achieving the desired layout and ensuring that the form is visually appealing.
The margin prop accepts three values: none, dense, and normal. Each of these settings adjusts the amount of space around the text field, affecting how compact or spread out the form elements appear.
Implementation with Code:
import * as React from 'react'; import Box from '@mui/material/Box'; import TextField from '@mui/material/TextField'; // RedBar Component: Displays a red horizontal bar to visually separate elements. function RedBar() { return ( // Styling applied using a function to access the theme for conditional styles <Box sx={(theme) => ({ height: 20, // Fixed height for the bar backgroundColor: 'rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.1)', // Light red background color ...theme.applyStyles('dark', { // Conditional style application for dark themes backgroundColor: 'rgb(255 132 132 / 25%)', }), })} /> ); } // LayoutTextFields Component: Demonstrates TextField components with different margin settings. export default function LayoutTextFields() { return ( <Box sx={{ display: 'flex', // Flexbox container for layout flexDirection: 'column', // Arranges children vertically '& .MuiTextField-root': { width: '25ch' }, // Standard width applied to all TextFields }} > <RedBar /> <TextField label={'margin="none"'} id="margin-none" /> // TextField with no margin <RedBar /> <TextField label={'margin="dense"'} id="margin-dense" margin="dense" /> // TextField with dense margin for tighter spacing <RedBar /> <TextField label={'margin="normal"'} id="margin-normal" margin="normal" /> // TextField with normal margin for standard spacing <RedBar /> </Box> ); }
In React, components like mui textfield can be either controlled or uncontrolled, which refers to how their state is managed.
Implementation with Code:
import * as React from 'react'; import Box from '@mui/material/Box'; import TextField from '@mui/material/TextField'; // StateTextFields Component: Demonstrates the use of controlled and uncontrolled TextField components. export default function StateTextFields() { // State hook for controlling the TextField value const [name, setName] = React.useState('Cat in the Hat'); return ( // Container for the form elements with specific margin and width styles <Box component="form" sx={{ '& > :not(style)': { m: 1, width: '25ch' } }} // Apply margin and width to each TextField noValidate // Disables browser validation autoComplete="off" // Turns off auto-completion > {/* CONTROLLED TEXTFIELD */} <TextField id="outlined-controlled" label="Controlled" // Label for the TextField value={name} // Controlled value linked to state onChange={(event) => { setName(event.target.value); // Update state based on input }} /> {/* UNCONTROLLED TEXTFIELD */} <TextField id="outlined-uncontrolled" label="Uncontrolled" // Label for the TextField defaultValue="foo" // Initial value for the uncontrolled TextField /> </Box> ); }
Material-UI's Input component provides a streamlined way to handle user inputs in forms. It supports various states such as default values, placeholders, disabled inputs, and error handling.
Implementation with Code:
import * as React from 'react'; import Box from '@mui/material/Box'; import Input from '@mui/material/Input'; // Accessibility label configuration for inputs. const ariaLabel = { 'aria-label': 'description' }; // Inputs Component: Demonstrates various configurations of MUI Input components. export default function Inputs() { return ( // Form container that applies margin to each input and disables browser validation and autocomplete. <Box component="form" sx={{ '& > :not(style)': { m: 1 } }} // Margin applied to all direct children except <style> elements noValidate // Disables HTML form validation. autoComplete="off" // Prevents the browser from auto-filling input fields. > {/* STANDARD INPUT */} <Input defaultValue="Hello world" // Sets initial value for the input inputProps={ariaLabel} // Accessibility properties /> {/* INPUT WITH PLACEHOLDER */} <Input placeholder="Placeholder" // Displays placeholder text when the input is empty inputProps={ariaLabel} // Accessibility properties /> {/* DISABLED INPUT */} <Input disabled // Disables the input field defaultValue="Disabled" // Sets initial value for the input inputProps={ariaLabel} // Accessibility properties /> {/* ERROR INPUT */} <Input defaultValue="Error" // Sets initial value for the input error // Indicates an error with a visual cue inputProps={ariaLabel} // Accessibility properties /> </Box> ); }
The color prop changes the highlight color of the text field when focused.
Implementation with Code:
import * as React from 'react'; import Box from '@mui/material/Box'; import TextField from '@mui/material/TextField'; // ColorTextFields Component: Demonstrates TextField components styled with various color schemes. export default function ColorTextFields() { return ( // Form container applying margin and width to each TextField component <Box component="form" sx={{ '& > :not(style)': { m: 1, width: '25ch' } }} // Specifies margin and width for direct children noValidate // Disables HTML5 validation autoComplete="off" // Disables browser auto-completion > {/* OUTLINED TEXTFIELD WITH SECONDARY COLOR */} <TextField label="Outlined secondary" // Label text for the TextField color="secondary" // Applies the secondary color theme focused // Keeps the TextField visually focused /> {/* FILLED TEXTFIELD WITH SUCCESS COLOR */} <TextField label="Filled success" // Label text for the TextField variant="filled" // Uses the filled variant of the TextField color="success" // Applies the success color theme, often green focused // Keeps the TextField visually focused /> {/* STANDARD TEXTFIELD WITH WARNING COLOR */} <TextField label="Standard warning" // Label text for the TextField variant="standard" // Uses the standard variant, minimal styling color="warning" // Applies the warning color theme, often yellow or orange focused // Keeps the TextField visually focused /> </Box> ); }
Throughout this guide, we've explored the diverse capabilities of the MUI TextField component, covering its variants, styles, colors, and additional functionalities like select options and input adornments.
The versatility of MUI components allows developers to build comprehensive, responsive, and accessible user interfaces. For further customization and deeper understanding, refer to the official Material-UI documentation.
Ce qui précède est le contenu détaillé de. pour plus d'informations, suivez d'autres articles connexes sur le site Web de PHP en chinois!