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Comment créer un formulaire de contact par e-mail dynamique dans Next.js à l'aide de Resend et Zod

PHPz
PHPzoriginal
2024-08-10 18:43:32376parcourir

Introduction

Next.js est un puissant framework full-stack qui nous permet de créer des applications avec des fonctionnalités frontend et backend. Il est très flexible et peut être utilisé pour tout, des simples sites Web statiques aux applications Web complexes. Aujourd'hui, nous utiliserons Next.js pour créer un formulaire de contact par e-mail.

Les formulaires sont un élément clé de tout site Web, permettant aux utilisateurs d'interagir avec l'application. Qu'il s'agisse de s'inscrire, de se connecter, de donner son avis ou de collecter des données, les formulaires sont essentiels à l'expérience utilisateur. Sans formulaires, une application full-stack ne serait pas en mesure de collecter et de traiter correctement les entrées des utilisateurs.

Dans ce blog, je vais vous montrer comment créer un formulaire de contact par e-mail en utilisant Next.js, Resend et Zod (pour la validation du formulaire). Nous couvrirons la configuration du projet, la conception du formulaire, la gestion des soumissions de formulaire et la création d'une route API distincte. À la fin, vous saurez comment créer et ajouter des formulaires à vos applications Next.js, garantissant ainsi que votre application Web fonctionne bien et est facile à utiliser.

Alors, sans plus attendre, commençons.

Qu’est-ce que Renvoyer ?

Resend est une API de messagerie moderne pour les développeurs. Il est conçu pour rendre l'envoi d'e-mails depuis vos applications simple, fiable et évolutif. Contrairement aux services de messagerie traditionnels, Resend est conçu pour les développeurs, offrant une API simple qui s'intègre parfaitement à divers langages et frameworks de programmation, y compris Next.js.

Dans notre projet de formulaire Next.js, nous utiliserons Resend pour envoyer des e-mails. Lorsqu'un utilisateur soumet le formulaire, nous utiliserons l'API de Resend pour envoyer un e-mail de confirmation ou traiter les données du formulaire selon les besoins.

Qu’est-ce que Zod ?

Zod est un outil puissant pour vos données. Il s'agit d'une bibliothèque TypeScript first qui vous aide à définir et à vérifier la forme de vos données. Pensez-y comme à la définition de règles pour vos données, puis à vous assurer que les données correspondent à ces règles avant de les utiliser.

How to Create Dynamic Email Contact Form in Next.js Using Resend and Zod

Si vous utilisez TypeScript (et si ce n'est pas le cas, vous devriez y penser !), Zod s'en sert bien. Il peut déduire automatiquement les types TypeScript à partir de vos schémas, ce qui représente un gain de temps considérable. Alors que TypeScript vérifie les types au moment de la compilation, Zod le fait au moment de l'exécution. Cela signifie que vous pouvez détecter les problèmes de données qui pourraient passer par la vérification de type statique. Vous pouvez utiliser Zod pour toutes sortes de scénarios de validation de données, des simples entrées de formulaire aux réponses API complexes.

Configuration du projet

Commençons par configurer notre projet Next.js avec toutes les dépendances nécessaires. Nous utiliserons TypeScript pour la sécurité des types, Tailwind CSS pour le style, Ant Design pour les composants de l'interface utilisateur, Zod pour la validation des formulaires et Resend pour la fonctionnalité de courrier électronique.

  • Créez un nouveau projet Next.js avec TypeScript : 
npx create-next-app@latest my-contact-form --typescript
cd my-contact-form
  • Installer des dépendances supplémentaires : 
yarn add antd zod resend react-icons

Variables d'environnement de configuration

Pour envoyer un e-mail, nous utiliserons Resend, nous avons donc besoin de la clé API Resend. Avant de démarrer notre serveur, allons sur Renvoyer et récupérons nos clés API. Cliquez ici pour accéder au site Renvoyer et cliquez sur le bouton de connexion.

How to Create Dynamic Email Contact Form in Next.js Using Resend and Zod

Après vous être connecté, vous serez redirigé vers cette page. Ici, vous verrez tous les e-mails que vous avez reçus de votre formulaire.

How to Create Dynamic Email Contact Form in Next.js Using Resend and Zod

Ici, cliquez sur la section Clés API

How to Create Dynamic Email Contact Form in Next.js Using Resend and Zod

Et générer une clé API en cliquant dessus ? bouton

How to Create Dynamic Email Contact Form in Next.js Using Resend and Zod

Maintenant, copiez cette clé API et conservez-la en sécurité. Ensuite, ouvrez VSCode et créez un nouveau fichier nommé .env dans votre dossier racine. Ajoutez-y une variable d'environnement.

RESEND_API_KEY=yourapikeywillbehere

Vous pouvez désormais également exécuter votre serveur à l'aide de cette commande.

yarn dev

Composant de modèle d'e-mail

Commençons par créer un modèle d'e-mail. Ce sera le modèle que vous recevrez lorsque quelqu'un vous enverra un e-mail via le formulaire de contact.

import * as React from 'react';

interface EmailTemplateProps {
  firstName: string;
  message: string;
}

export const EmailTemplate: React.FC<EmailTemplateProps> = ({
  firstName,
  message,
}) => (
  <div>
    <h1>Hello, I am {firstName}!</h1>
    <p>You have received a new message from your Portfolio:</p>
    <p>{message}</p>
  </div>
);

Ce simple composant React définit la structure de l'e-mail qui sera envoyé lorsque quelqu'un soumettra le formulaire de contact. Il faut deux accessoires : firstName et message. Le composant crée un message d'accueil personnalisé en utilisant le prénom et affiche le message soumis.

Implémentation de l'envoi d'e-mails avec l'API Resend

Ici. nous verrons comment implémenter la fonctionnalité d'envoi d'e-mails à l'aide de l'API Resend.

The Code Structure

First, let's look at where this code lives in our Next.js project:

app/
  ├── api/
  │   └── v1/
  │       └── send/
  │           └── route.ts

This structure follows Next.js 13's App Router convention, where API routes are defined as route handlers within the app directory.

This is our complete API route code ?

import { EmailTemplate } from 'app/components/email-template';
import { NextResponse } from 'next/server';
import { Resend } from 'resend';
import { v4 as uuid } from 'uuid';

const resend = new Resend(process.env.RESEND_API_KEY);

export async function POST(req: Request) {
  try {
    const { name, email, subject, message } = await req.json();

    const { data, error } = await resend.emails.send({
      from: 'Contact Form <onboarding@resend.dev>',
      to: 'katare27451@gmail.com',
      subject: subject || 'New Contact Form Submission',
      reply_to: email,
      headers: {
        'X-Entity-Ref-ID': uuid(),
      },
      react: EmailTemplate({ firstName: name, message }) as React.ReactElement,
    });

    if (error) {
      return NextResponse.json({ error }, { status: 500 });
    }

    return NextResponse.json({ data, message: 'success' }, { status: 200 });
  } catch (error) {
    console.error('Error processing request:', error);
    return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Failed to process request' }, { status: 500 });
  }
}

Breaking Down the Code

Now, let's examine each part of the code:

import { EmailTemplate } from 'app/components/email-template';
import { NextResponse } from 'next/server';
import { Resend } from 'resend';
import { v4 as uuid } from 'uuid';

These import statements bring in the necessary dependencies:

  • EmailTemplate: A custom React component for our email content(That we already built above.
  • NextResponse: Next.js utility for creating API responses.
  • Resend: The Resend API client.
  • uuid: For generating unique identifiers. 
const resend = new Resend(process.env.RESEND_API_KEY);

Here, we initialize the Resend client with our API key. It's crucial to keep this key secret, so we store it in an environment variable.

export async function POST(req: Request) {
  // ... (code inside this function)
}

This exports an async function named POST, which Next.js will automatically use to handle POST requests to this route.

const { name, email, subject, message } = await req.json();

We extract the form data from the request body. This assumes the client is sending a JSON payload with these fields.

const { data, error } = await resend.emails.send({
  from: 'Contact Form <onboarding@resend.dev>',
  to: 'katare27451@gmail.com',
  subject: subject || 'New Contact Form Submission',
  reply_to: email,
  headers: {
    'X-Entity-Ref-ID': uuid(),
  },
  react: EmailTemplate({ firstName: name, message }) as React.ReactElement,
});

This is where we'll get our emails! We use Resend's send method to dispatch the email:

  • from: The sender's email address.
  • to: The recipient's email address.
  • subject: The email subject, using the provided subject or a default.
  • reply_to: Sets the reply-to address to the form submitter's email.
  • headers: Includes a unique ID for tracking.
  • react: Uses our custom EmailTemplate component to generate the email content. 
if (error) {
  return NextResponse.json({ error }, { status: 500 });
}

return NextResponse.json({ data, message: 'success' }, { status: 200 });

Here, we handle the response from Resend. If there's an error, we return a 500 status with the error details. Otherwise, we send a success response.

catch (error) {
  console.error('Error processing request:', error);
  return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Failed to process request' }, { status: 500 });
}

This catch block handles any unexpected errors, logs them, and returns a generic error response.

And that's it! We've set up our API route. The only thing left is to set up our logic and UI. Let's do that too ?

Contact Page Component

In your app directory, create a new folder named contact-form and inside this folder, create a file named page.tsx.

app/
  ├── contact-form/
  │   └── page.tsx

Imports and Dependencies

First, import all necessary components from Ant Design, Next.js, and React Icons. We also import Zod for form validation.

import React from 'react';
import { Form, Input, Button, message, Space, Divider, Typography } from 'antd';
import Head from 'next/head';
import { FaUser } from 'react-icons/fa';
import { MdMail } from 'react-icons/md';
import { FaMessage } from 'react-icons/fa6';
import { z } from 'zod';
import Paragraph from 'antd/es/typography/Paragraph';

UI Layout and Design

Now, let's create our UI, and then we'll move on to the logic. Our form will look something like this.?

How to Create Dynamic Email Contact Form in Next.js Using Resend and Zod

In your page.tsx, after all the import statements, define a component and add a return statement first.

const ContactPage: React.FC = () => {
  return (
      <div className="max-w-3xl w-full space-y-8 bg-white p-10 rounded-xl shadow-2xl">
       /* our code will be here */
      </div>
  );
};

export default ContactPage;

Currently, we have just a simple div with a few tailwind styling now, we'll first add our heading part.

How to Create Dynamic Email Contact Form in Next.js Using Resend and Zod

...

        <div>
          <h2 className="mt-1 text-center text-3xl font-extrabold text-gray-900">Get in Touch</h2>
          <p className="mt-1 mb-4 text-center text-sm text-gray-600">
            I'd love to hear from you! Fill out the form below to get in touch.
          </p>
        </div>

...

Now, let's add our input fields

How to Create Dynamic Email Contact Form in Next.js Using Resend and Zod

 ...     
        <Form
          form={form}
          name="contact"
          onFinish={onFinish}
          layout="vertical"
          className="mt-8 space-y-6"
        >
          <Form.Item
            name="name"
            rules={[{ required: true, message: 'Please input your name!' }]}
          >
            <Input prefix={<FaUser className="site-form-item-icon" />} placeholder="Your Name" size="large" />
          </Form.Item>
          <Form.Item
            name="email"
            rules={[
              { required: true, message: 'Please input your email!' },
              { type: 'email', message: 'Please enter a valid email!' }
            ]}
          >
            <Input prefix={<MdMail className="site-form-item-icon" />} placeholder="Your Email" size="large" />
          </Form.Item>
          <Form.Item
            name="subject"
            rules={[{ required: true, message: 'Please input a subject!' }]}
          >
            <Input prefix={<FaMessage className="site-form-item-icon" />} placeholder="Subject" size="large" />
          </Form.Item>
          <Form.Item
            name="message"
            rules={[{ required: true, message: 'Please input your message!' }]}
          >
            <TextArea
              placeholder="Your Message"
              autoSize={{ minRows: 4, maxRows: 8 }}
            />
          </Form.Item>
          <Form.Item>
            <Button
              type="primary"
              htmlType="submit"
              className="group relative w-full flex justify-center py-2 px-4 border border-transparent text-sm font-medium rounded-md text-white bg-indigo-600 hover:bg-indigo-700 focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-offset-2 focus:ring-indigo-500"
              disabled={isSubmitting}
            >
              {isSubmitting ? 'Sending...' : 'Send Message'}
            </Button>
          </Form.Item>
        </Form>
...

Here, in the above code firstly we added a Form Component. This is the main Form component from Ant Design. It has the following props:

<Form
  form={form}
  name="contact"
  onFinish={onFinish}
  layout="vertical"
  className="mt-8 space-y-6"
>
  {/* Form items */}
</Form>
  • form: Links the form to the form object created using Form.useForm().
  • name: Gives the form a name, in this case, "contact".
  • onFinish(we'll declare this function in our next section): Specifies the function to be called when the form is submitted successfully.
  • layout: Sets the form layout to "vertical".
  • className: Applies CSS classes for styling.

Then, we added a Form Items. Each Form.Item represents a field in the form. Let's look at the "name" field as an example.

<Form.Item
  name="name"
  rules={[{ required: true, message: 'Please input your name!' }]}
>
  <Input prefix={<FaUser className="site-form-item-icon" />} placeholder="Your Name" size="large" />
</Form.Item>
  • name: Specifies the field name.
  • rules: An array of validation rules. Here, it's set as required.
  • The Input component is used for text input, with a user icon prefix and a placeholder.

Similarly, we have Email and other fields.

<Form.Item
  name="email"
  rules={[
    { required: true, message: 'Please input your email!' },
    { type: 'email', message: 'Please enter a valid email!' }
  ]}
>
  <Input prefix={<MdMail className="site-form-item-icon" />} placeholder="Your Email" size="large" />
</Form.Item>

This field has an additional rule to ensure the input is a valid email address.

Subject and Message Fields: These are similar to the name field, with the message field using a TextArea component for multi-line input.

Then, we have a Submit Button to submit our form

<Form.Item>
  <Button
    type="primary"
    htmlType="submit"
    className="group relative w-full flex justify-center py-2 px-4 border border-transparent text-sm font-medium rounded-md text-white bg-indigo-600 hover:bg-indigo-700 focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-offset-2 focus:ring-indigo-500"
    disabled={isSubmitting}
  >
    {isSubmitting ? 'Sending...' : 'Send Message'}
  </Button>
</Form.Item>

This is the submit button for the form. It's disabled when isSubmitting (we'll add this state in our next section) is true, and its text changes to "Sending..." during submission.

Form Submission Logic

So, in the logic part, we have a few things to do:

  • Setting up Zod schema for form validation
  • Adding new states
  • and, implementing a onFinish function

We'll start with setting up our schema first.

// Zod schema for form validation
const contactSchema = z.object({
  name: z.string().min(4, 'Name must be at least 4 characters').max(50, 'Name must not exceed 50 characters'),
  email: z.string().email('Invalid email address').regex(/^[\w-\.]+@([\w-]+\.)+[\w-]{2,4}$/, "Email must be a valid format"),
  subject: z.string().min(5, 'Subject must be at least 5 characters').max(100, 'Subject must not exceed 100 characters'),
  message: z.string().min(20, 'Message must be at least 20 characters').max(1000, 'Message must not exceed 1000 characters'),
});

type ContactFormData = z.infer<typeof contactSchema>;

This part defines a Zod schema for form validation. As we already learned, Zod is a TypeScript-first schema declaration and validation library. The contactSchema object defines the structure and validation rules for the contact form:

  • name: Must be a string between 4 and 50 characters.
  • email: Must be a valid email address and match the specified regex pattern.
  • subject: Must be a string between 5 and 100 characters.
  • message: Must be a string between 20 and 1000 characters.

The ContactFormData type is inferred from the Zod schema, providing type safety for the form data.

Now, let's add 2 new states and implement our onFinish function.

const ContactPage: React.FC = () => {
  const [form] = Form.useForm<ContactFormData>();
  const [isSubmitting, setIsSubmitting] = React.useState(false);

  const onFinish = async (values: ContactFormData) => {
    setIsSubmitting(true);
    try {
      contactSchema.parse(values);

      const response = await fetch('/api/v1/send', {
        method: 'POST',
        headers: {
          'Content-Type': 'application/json',
        },
        body: JSON.stringify(values),
      });

      if (!response.ok) {
        message.error('Failed to send message. Please try again.');
        setIsSubmitting(false); 
      }

      const data = await response.json();

      if (data.message === 'success') {
        message.success('Message sent successfully!');
        setIsSubmitting(false);
        form.resetFields();
      } else {
        throw new Error('Failed to send message');
      }
    } catch (error) {
      if (error instanceof z.ZodError) {
        error.errors.forEach((err) => {
          message.error(err.message);
          setIsSubmitting(false);
        });
      } else {
        message.error('Failed to send message. Please try again.');
        setIsSubmitting(false);
      }
    } finally {
      setIsSubmitting(false);
    }
  };

This part defines the ContactPage functional component:

  • It uses the Form.useForm hook to create a form instance.
  • It manages a isSubmitting state to track form submission status.
  • The onFinish function is called when the form is submitted:
  1. It sets isSubmitting to true.
  2. It uses contactSchema.parse(values) to validate the form data against the Zod schema.
  3. If validation passes, it sends a POST request to /api/v1/send with the form data.
  4. It handles the response, showing success or error messages accordingly.
  5. If there's a Zod validation error, it displays the error message.
  6. Finally, it sets isSubmitting back to false.

This setup ensures that the form data is validated on both the client-side (using Antd's form validation) and the server-side (using Zod schema validation) before sending the data to the server. It also manages the submission state and provides user feedback through success or error messages.

And, this is the complete code of our contact-form file ?

"use client";

import React from 'react';
import { Form, Input, Button, message, Space, Divider, Typography } from 'antd';
import Head from 'next/head';
import { FaUser } from 'react-icons/fa';
import { MdMail } from 'react-icons/md';
import { FaMessage } from 'react-icons/fa6';
import { z } from 'zod';
import { Container } from 'app/components/container';
import Paragraph from 'antd/es/typography/Paragraph';

const { TextArea } = Input;
const { Text } = Typography;

// Zod schema for form validation
const contactSchema = z.object({
  name: z.string().min(4, 'Name must be at least 4 characters').max(50, 'Name must not exceed 50 characters'),
  email: z.string().email('Invalid email address').regex(/^[\w-\.]+@([\w-]+\.)+[\w-]{2,4}$/, "Email must be a valid format"),
  subject: z.string().min(5, 'Subject must be at least 5 characters').max(100, 'Subject must not exceed 100 characters'),
  message: z.string().min(20, 'Message must be at least 20 characters').max(1000, 'Message must not exceed 1000 characters'),
});

type ContactFormData = z.infer<typeof contactSchema>;

const ContactPage: React.FC = () => {
  const [form] = Form.useForm<ContactFormData>();
  const [isSubmitting, setIsSubmitting] = React.useState(false);

  const onFinish = async (values: ContactFormData) => {
    setIsSubmitting(true);
    try {
      contactSchema.parse(values);

      const response = await fetch('/api/v1/send', {
        method: 'POST',
        headers: {
          'Content-Type': 'application/json',
        },
        body: JSON.stringify(values),
      });

      if (!response.ok) {
        message.error('Failed to send message. Please try again.');
        setIsSubmitting(false); 
      }

      const data = await response.json();

      if (data.message === 'success') {
        message.success('Message sent successfully!');
        setIsSubmitting(false);
        form.resetFields();
      } else {
        throw new Error('Failed to send message');
      }
    } catch (error) {
      if (error instanceof z.ZodError) {
        error.errors.forEach((err) => {
          message.error(err.message);
          setIsSubmitting(false);
        });
      } else {
        message.error('Failed to send message. Please try again.');
        setIsSubmitting(false);
      }
    } finally {
      setIsSubmitting(false);
    }
  };

  return (
      

        

          
Get in Touch

          

            I'd love to hear from you! Fill out the form below to get in touch.
          

        

        

          
            } placeholder="Your Name" size="large" />
          
          
            } placeholder="Your Email" size="large" />
          
          
            } placeholder="Subject" size="large" />