Maison >développement back-end >C++ >Maîtriser les modèles creux : un guide complet avec des exemples de code
Bienvenue dans notre guide complet sur la création de divers motifs creux à l'aide de boucles en programmation C ! Dans ce didacticiel, nous expliquerons étape par étape comment dessiner 18 motifs creux différents. Ces motifs vont des formes basiques comme les carrés et les triangles à des formes plus complexes comme les losanges, les hexagones et les pentagones. Chaque modèle est créé à l'aide de boucles imbriquées, ce qui en fait un excellent exercice pour les débutants souhaitant pratiquer les structures de contrôle en C. Allons-y !
Vous pouvez trouver tout le code dans notre référentiel GitHub.
Avant de commencer avec les motifs, il est essentiel de comprendre le concept de boucles imbriquées. Une boucle imbriquée est une boucle à l’intérieur d’une autre boucle. Cette structure est particulièrement utile pour gérer des tableaux multidimensionnels et pour générer des modèles. En C, une structure de boucle imbriquée typique ressemble à ceci :
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) { // Code to execute } }
Explication :
int n = 5; // size of the square char ch = '*'; printf("1. Hollow Square:\n"); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) { if (i == 0 || i == n - 1 || j == 0 || j == n - 1) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Sortie :
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Explication :
printf("2. Hollow Right Triangle:\n"); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < i + 1; j++) { if (i == n - 1 || j == 0 || j == i) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Sortie :
* * * * * * * * * * * *
Explication :
printf("3. Hollow Inverted Right Triangle:\n"); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = n; j > i; j--) { if (i == 0 || j == n || j == i + 1) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Sortie :
* * * * * * * * * * * *
Explication :
printf("4. Hollow Right Aligned Triangle:\n"); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = n - 1; j > i; j--) { printf(" "); } for (int j = 0; j < i + 1; j++) { if (i == n - 1 || j == 0 || j == i) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Sortie :
* * * * * * * * * * * *
Explication :
printf("5. Hollow Right Aligned Inverted Triangle:\n"); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 1; j < i + 1; j++) { printf(" "); } for (int j = n; j > i; j--) { if (i == 0 || j == n || j == i + 1) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Sortie :
* * * * * * * * * * * *
Explication :
printf("6. Hollow Right Pascal Triangle:\n"); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < i + 1; j++) { if (j == 0 || j == i) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); } for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = n; j > i + 1; j--) { if (j == n || j == i + 2) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Sortie :
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Explication :
printf("7. Hollow Left Pascal Triangle:\n"); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = n - 1; j > i; j--) { printf(" "); } for (int j = 0; j < i + 1; j++) { if (j == 0 || j == i) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); } for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < i + 1; j++) { printf(" "); } for (int j = n - 1; j > i; j--) { if (j == n - 1 || j == i + 1) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Sortie :
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Explication :
printf("8. Hollow Equilateral Triangle:\n"); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = n - 1; j > i; j--) { printf(" "); } for (int j = 0; j < 2 * i + 1; j++) { if (j == 0 || j == 2 * i || i == n - 1) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Sortie :
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Explication :
printf("9. Hollow Inverted Equilateral Triangle:\n"); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) { printf(" "); } for (int j = 2 * n - 1; j > 2 * i; j--) { if (j == 2 * n - 1 || j == 2 * i + 1 || i == 0) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Output:
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Explanation:
printf("10. Hollow Pyramid:\n"); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (j = n - 1; j > i; j--) { printf(" "); } for (j = 0; j < (2 * i + 1); j++) { if (i == n - 1 || j == 0 || j == i * 2 ) { printf("%c", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Output:
* * * * * * * *********
Explanation:
printf("11. Hollow Inverted Pyramid:\n"); for (i = n; i > 0; i--) { for (j = n - i; j > 0; j--) { printf(" "); } for (j = 0; j < (2 * i - 1); j++) { if (j == 0 || i == n || j == (i-1) * 2 ) { printf("%c", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Output:
********* * * * * * * *
Explanation:
printf("12. Hollow Diamond:\n"); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (j = n - 1; j > i; j--) { printf(" "); } for (j = 0; j < i + 1; j++) { if (j == 0 || j == i) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); } for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (j = 0; j < i + 1; j++) { printf(" "); } for (j = n - 1; j > i; j--) { if (j == n - 1 || j == i + 1) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Output:
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Explanation:
printf("13. Hollow Hourglass:\n"); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (j = 0; j < i; j++) { printf(" "); } for (j = 0; j < (n - i) ; j++) { if (j == 0 || i == 0 || j == n - i - 1) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); } for (i = 1; i < n; i++) { for (j = n - 1; j > i; j--) { printf(" "); } for (j = 0; j < (i + 1); j++) { if (i == n - 1 || j == 0 || j == i) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Output:
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Explanation:
printf("14. Hollow Rhombus:\n"); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = n - 1; j > i; j--) { printf(" "); } for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) { if (i == 0 || i == n - 1 || j == 0 || j == n - 1) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Output:
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Explanation:
printf("15. Hollow Parallelogram:\n"); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (j = 0; j < i; j++) { printf(" "); } for (j = 0; j < n * 2; j++) { if (i == n - 1 || i == 0 || j == 0 || j == n * 2 - 1) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Output:
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Explanation:
printf("16. Hollow Hexagon:\n"); for (i = 0; i < n / 2; i++) { for (j = n / 2 - i; j > 0; j--) { printf(" "); } for (j = 0; j < n + 1 * i; j++) { if ( i == 0 || j == 0 || j == n * i) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); } for (i = n / 2; i >= 0; i--) { for (j = 0; j < n / 2 - i; j++) { printf(" "); } for (j = 0; j < n + i; j++) { if (i == n - 1 || i == 0 || j == 0 || j == n + i - 1) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Output:
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Explanation:
printf("17. Hollow Pentagon:\n"); for (i = 0; i < n+1; i++) { for (j = n ; j > i; j--) { printf(" "); } for (j = 0; j < (i + 1); j++) { if ( j == 0 || i == 0 || j == i ) { printf(" %c", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); } for (i = n / 2; i >= 0; i--) { for (j = 0; j < n / 2 - i; j++) { printf(" "); } for (j = 0; j < n + i; j++) { if (i == n - 1 || i == 0 || j == 0 || j == n + i - 1) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Output:
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Explanation:
printf("18. Hollow Inverted Pentagon:\n"); for (int i = 0; i <= n / 2; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < n / 2 - i; j++) { printf(" "); } for (int j = 0; j < n + i; j++) { if (i == n - 1 || i == 0 || j == 0 || j == n + i - 1) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); } for (int i = n + 1; i > 0; i--) { for (int j = n + 2; j > i; j--) { printf(" "); } for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) { if ( j == 0 || j == i - 1) { printf("%c ", ch); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); }
Output:
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
In conclusion, we have explored a variety of patterns using loops and conditional statements in C, each producing different geometric shapes and designs. These patterns include solid and hollow variants of squares, triangles, pyramids, diamonds, hourglasses, rhombuses, parallelograms, hexagons, and pentagons. Understanding and implementing these patterns helps to strengthen programming logic, loop constructs, and conditionals, which are fundamental concepts in computer science.
By practicing these patterns, you can enhance your problem-solving skills and improve your ability to visualize and implement complex patterns in code. These exercises also provide a solid foundation for more advanced programming tasks and algorithms.
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