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Hibernate框架基础

WBOY
WBOYoriginal
2016-06-07 14:50:00949parcourir

ORM概念 O, Object 对象R, Realtion 关系 (关系型数据库: MySQL, Oracle…)M,Mapping 映射ORM, 对象关系映射!ORM, 解决什么问题? 存储: 能否把对象的数据直接保存到数据库? 获取: 能否直接从数据库拿到一个对象?想做到上面2点,必须要有映射!总结:

ORM概念

<code>O,  Object  对象
R, Realtion 关系  (关系型数据库: MySQL, Oracle…)
M,Mapping  映射

ORM, 对象关系映射!

ORM, 解决什么问题?
    存储:   能否把对象的数据直接保存到数据库? 
获取:  能否直接从数据库拿到一个对象?
想做到上面2点,必须要有映射!


总结:
    Hibernate与ORM的关系?
       Hibernate是ORM的实现!
</code>

Hibernate 案例

<code>搭建一个Hibernate环境,开发步骤:
1. 下载源码
        版本:hibernate-distribution-3.6.0.Final
2. 引入jar文件
        hibernate3.jar核心  +  required 必须引入的(6个) +  jpa 目录  + 数据库驱动包
3. 写对象以及对象的映射
        Employee.java            对象
        Employee.hbm.xml         对象的映射 (映射文件)
4. src/hibernate.cfg.xml  主配置文件
         数据库连接配置
         加载所用的映射(*.hbm.xml)
5. App.java  测试
</code>

对象      Employee.java

<code class=" hljs cs"><span class="hljs-comment">//一、 对象</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> Employee {

    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> empId;
    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String empName;
    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Date workDate;

}
</code>

对象的映射     Employee.hbm.xml

<code class=" hljs xml"><span class="hljs-pi"><?xml version="1.0"?></span>
<span class="hljs-doctype"><!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"></span>

<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">hibernate-mapping</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">package</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"cn.itcast.a_hello"</span>></span>

    <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">class</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"Employee"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">table</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"employee"</span>></span>

        <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- 主键 ,映射--></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">id</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"empId"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">column</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"id"</span>></span>
            <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">generator</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"native"</span>/></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">id</span>></span>

        <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- 非主键,映射 --></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"empName"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">column</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"empName"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"workDate"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">column</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"workDate"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span>

    <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">class</span>></span>

<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">hibernate-mapping</span>></span>
</code>

主配置文件     hibernate.cfg.xml

<code class=" hljs xml"><span class="hljs-doctype"><!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"></span>

<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">hibernate-configuration</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">session-factory</span>></span>
        <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- 数据库连接配置 --></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"hibernate.connection.driver_class"</span>></span>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"hibernate.connection.url"</span>></span>jdbc:mysql:///hib_demo<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"hibernate.connection.username"</span>></span>root<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"hibernate.connection.password"</span>></span>root<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"hibernate.dialect"</span>></span>org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span>

        <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"hibernate.show_sql"</span>></span>true<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span>

        <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- 加载所有映射 --></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">mapping</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">resource</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"cn/itcast/a_hello/Employee.hbm.xml"</span>/></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">session-factory</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">hibernate-configuration</span>></span>
</code>

测试类     App.java

<code class=" hljs java">
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">App</span> {</span>

    <span class="hljs-annotation">@Test</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">testHello</span>() <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> Exception {
        <span class="hljs-comment">// 对象</span>
        Employee emp = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Employee();
        emp.setEmpName(<span class="hljs-string">"班长"</span>);
        emp.setWorkDate(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Date());

        <span class="hljs-comment">// 获取加载配置文件的管理类对象</span>
        Configuration config = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Configuration();
        config.configure();  <span class="hljs-comment">// 默认加载src/hibenrate.cfg.xml文件</span>
        <span class="hljs-comment">// 创建session的工厂对象</span>
        SessionFactory sf = config.buildSessionFactory();
        <span class="hljs-comment">// 创建session (代表一个会话,与数据库连接的会话)</span>
        Session session = sf.openSession();
        <span class="hljs-comment">// 开启事务</span>
        Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
        <span class="hljs-comment">//保存-数据库</span>
        session.save(emp);
        <span class="hljs-comment">// 提交事务</span>
        tx.commit();
        <span class="hljs-comment">// 关闭</span>
        session.close();
        sf.close();
    }
}
</code>

Hibernate Api

<code>|-- Configuration       配置管理类对象
    config.configure();    加载主配置文件的方法(hibernate.cfg.xml)
                           默认加载src/hibernate.cfg.xml
    config.configure(“cn/config/hibernate.cfg.xml”);   
                           加载指定路径下指定名称的主配置文件
    config.buildSessionFactory();   创建session的工厂对象

|-- SessionFactory    session的工厂(或者说代表了这个hibernate.cfg.xml配置文件)
    sf.openSession();        创建一个sesison对象
    sf.getCurrentSession();  创建session或取出session对象

|--Session       session对象维护了一个连接(Connection), 代表了与数据库连接的会话。
               Hibernate最重要的对象: 只用使用hibernate与数据库操作,都用到这个对象
        session.beginTransaction(); 开启一个事务; hibernate要求所有的与数据库的操作必须有事务的环境,否则报错!

    更新:
        session.save(obj);   保存一个对象
        session.update(emp);  更新一个对象
        session.saveOrUpdate(emp);  保存或者更新的方法:
                                    没有设置主键,执行保存;
        有设置主键,执行更新操作; 
        如果设置主键不存在报错!

    主键查询:
        session.get(Employee.class, 1);    主键查询
        session.load(Employee.class, 1);   主键查询 (支持懒加载)

    HQL查询:
        HQL查询与SQL查询区别:
            SQL: (结构化查询语句)查询的是表以及字段;  不区分大小写。
            HQL: hibernate  query  language 即hibernate提供的面向对象的查询语言
                查询的是对象以及对象的属性。
                区分大小写。

    Criteria查询:
         完全面向对象的查询。

    本地SQL查询:
        复杂的查询,就要使用原生态的sql查询,也可以,就是本地sql查询的支持!
        (缺点: 不能跨数据库平台!)

|-- Transaction    hibernate事务对象


共性问题1:
ClassNotFoundException…., 缺少jar文件!
共性问题2:
    如果程序执行程序,hibernate也有生成sql语句,但数据没有结果影响。
    问题一般是事务忘记提交…….
遇到问题,一定看错误提示!
</code>

Hibernate crud

<code class=" hljs java">
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">EmployeeDaoImpl</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title">IEmployeeDao</span>{</span>

    <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> Employee <span class="hljs-title">findById</span>(Serializable id) {
        Session session = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>;
        Transaction tx = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>;
        <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {
            <span class="hljs-comment">// 获取Session</span>
            session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
            <span class="hljs-comment">// 开启事务</span>
            tx = session.beginTransaction();
            <span class="hljs-comment">// 主键查询</span>
            <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> (Employee) session.get(Employee.class, id);
        } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">throw</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> RuntimeException(e);
        } <span class="hljs-keyword">finally</span> {
            tx.commit();
            session.close();
        }
    }

    <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> List<Employee> <span class="hljs-title">getAll</span>() {
        Session session = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>;
        Transaction tx = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>;
        <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {
            session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
            tx = session.beginTransaction();
            <span class="hljs-comment">// HQL查询</span>
            Query q = session.createQuery(<span class="hljs-string">"from Employee"</span>);
            <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> q.list();
        } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">throw</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> RuntimeException(e);
        } <span class="hljs-keyword">finally</span> {
            tx.commit();
            session.close();
        }
    }

    <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> List<Employee> <span class="hljs-title">getAll</span>(String employeeName) {
        Session session = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>;
        Transaction tx = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>;
        <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {
            session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
            tx = session.beginTransaction();
            Query q =session.createQuery(<span class="hljs-string">"from Employee where empName=?"</span>);
            <span class="hljs-comment">// 注意:参数索引从0开始</span>
            q.setParameter(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, employeeName);
            <span class="hljs-comment">// 执行查询</span>
            <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> q.list();
        } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">throw</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> RuntimeException(e);
        } <span class="hljs-keyword">finally</span> {
            tx.commit();
            session.close();
        }
    }

    <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> List<Employee> <span class="hljs-title">getAll</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> index, <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> count) {
        Session session = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>;
        Transaction tx = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>;
        <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {
            session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
            tx = session.beginTransaction();
            Query q = session.createQuery(<span class="hljs-string">"from Employee"</span>);
            <span class="hljs-comment">// 设置分页参数</span>
            q.setFirstResult(index);  <span class="hljs-comment">// 查询的其实行 </span>
            q.setMaxResults(count);   <span class="hljs-comment">// 查询返回的行数</span>

            List<Employee> list = q.list();
            <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> list;
        } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">throw</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> RuntimeException(e);
        } <span class="hljs-keyword">finally</span> {
            tx.commit();
            session.close();
        }
    }

    <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">save</span>(Employee emp) {
        Session session = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>;
        Transaction tx = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>;
        <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {
            session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
            tx = session.beginTransaction();
            <span class="hljs-comment">// 执行保存操作</span>
            session.save(emp);
        } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">throw</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> RuntimeException(e);
        } <span class="hljs-keyword">finally</span> {
            tx.commit();
            session.close();
        }

    }

    <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">update</span>(Employee emp) {
        Session session = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>;
        Transaction tx = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>;
        <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {
            session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
            tx = session.beginTransaction();
            session.update(emp);

        } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">throw</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> RuntimeException(e);
        } <span class="hljs-keyword">finally</span> {
            tx.commit();
            session.close();
        }

    }

    <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">delete</span>(Serializable id) {
        Session session = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>;
        Transaction tx = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>;
        <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> {
            session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
            tx = session.beginTransaction();
            <span class="hljs-comment">// 先根据id查询对象,再判断删除</span>
            Object obj = session.get(Employee.class, id);
            <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (obj != <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>) {
                session.delete(obj);
            }
        } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">throw</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> RuntimeException(e);
        } <span class="hljs-keyword">finally</span> {
            tx.commit();
            session.close();
        }
    }
}</code>

Hibernate.cfg.xml 主配置

<code>Hibernate.cfg.xml
    主配置文件中主要配置:数据库连接信息、其他参数、映射信息!

常用配置查看源码:
    hibernate-distribution-3.6.0.Final\project\etc\hibernate.properties
</code>

数据库连接参数配置

<code>例如:
## MySQL

#hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
#hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLInnoDBDialect
#hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLMyISAMDialect
#hibernate.connection.driver_class com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
#hibernate.connection.url jdbc:mysql:///test
#hibernate.connection.username gavin
#hibernate.connection.password
</code>

自动建表

Hibernate.properties

<code>#hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto create-drop 每次在创建sessionFactory时候执行创建表;
                                当调用sesisonFactory的close方法的时候,删除表!
#hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto create   每次都重新建表; 如果表已经存在就先删除再创建
#hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto update  如果表不存在就创建; 表存在就不创建;
#hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto validate  (生成环境时候) 执行验证: 当映射文件的内容与数据库表结构不一样的时候就报错!
</code>

代码自动建表

<code class=" hljs java">
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">App_ddl</span> {</span>

    <span class="hljs-comment">// 自动建表</span>
    <span class="hljs-annotation">@Test</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">testCreate</span>() <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> Exception {
        <span class="hljs-comment">// 创建配置管理类对象</span>
        Configuration config = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Configuration();
        <span class="hljs-comment">// 加载主配置文件</span>
        config.configure();

        <span class="hljs-comment">// 创建工具类对象</span>
        SchemaExport export = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> SchemaExport(config);
        <span class="hljs-comment">// 建表</span>
        <span class="hljs-comment">// 第一个参数: 是否在控制台打印建表语句</span>
        <span class="hljs-comment">// 第二个参数: 是否执行脚本</span>
        export.create(<span class="hljs-keyword">true</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">true</span>);
    }
}
</code>

映射配置

<code>1. 普通字段类型
2. 主键映射
    单列主键映射
    多列作为主键映射

主键生成策略,查看api:   5.1.2.2.1. Various additional generators


数据库:
    一个表能否有多个主键?   不能。
    为什么要设置主键?       数据库存储的数据都是有效的,必须保持唯一。

    (为什么把id作为主键?)
        因为表中通常找不到合适的列作为唯一列即主键,所以为了方法用id列,因为id是数据库系统维护可以保证唯一,所以就把这列作为主键!

    联合/复合主键
    如果找不到合适的列作为主键,出来用id列以外,我们一般用联合主键,即多列的值作为一个主键,从而确保记录的唯一性。
</code>

映射配置

<code class=" hljs xml"><span class="hljs-pi"><?xml version="1.0"?></span>
<span class="hljs-doctype"><!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"></span>


<span class="hljs-comment"><!-- 映射文件: 映射一个实体类对象;  描述一个对象最终实现可以直接保存对象数据到数据库中。  --></span>
<span class="hljs-comment"><!-- 
    package: 要映射的对象所在的包(可选,如果不指定,此文件所有的类都要指定全路径)
    auto-import 默认为true, 在写hql的时候自动导入包名
                如果指定为false, 再写hql的时候必须要写上类的全名;
                  如:session.createQuery("from cn.itcast.c_hbm_config.Employee").list();
 --></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">hibernate-mapping</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">package</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"cn.itcast.c_hbm_config"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">auto-import</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"true"</span>></span>

    <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- 
        class 映射某一个对象的(一般情况,一个对象写一个映射文件,即一个class节点)
            name 指定要映射的对象的类型
            table 指定对象对应的表;
                  如果没有指定表名,默认与对象名称一样 
     --></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">class</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"Employee"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">table</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"employee"</span>></span>

        <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- 主键 ,映射--></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">id</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"empId"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">column</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"id"</span>></span>
            <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- 
                主键的生成策略
                    identity  自增长(mysql,db2)
                    sequence  自增长(序列), oracle中自增长是以序列方法实现
                    native  自增长【会根据底层数据库自增长的方式选择identity或sequence】
                            如果是mysql数据库, 采用的自增长方式是identity
                            如果是oracle数据库, 使用sequence序列的方式实现自增长

                    increment  自增长(会有并发访问的问题,一般在服务器集群环境使用会存在问题。)

                    assigned  指定主键生成策略为手动指定主键的值
                    uuid      指定uuid随机生成的唯一的值
                    foreign   (外键的方式, one-to-one讲)
             --></span>
            <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">generator</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"uuid"</span>/></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">id</span>></span>

        <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- 
            普通字段映射
            property
                name  指定对象的属性名称
                column 指定对象属性对应的表的字段名称,如果不写默认与对象属性一致。
                length 指定字符的长度, 默认为255
                type   指定映射表的字段的类型,如果不指定会匹配属性的类型
                    java类型:     必须写全名
                    hibernate类型:  直接写类型,都是小写
        --></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"empName"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">column</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"empName"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"java.lang.String"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">length</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"20"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"workDate"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"java.util.Date"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span>
        <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- 如果列名称为数据库关键字,需要用反引号或改列名。 --></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"desc"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">column</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"`desc`"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"java.lang.String"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span>

    <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">class</span>></span>


<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">hibernate-mapping</span>></span>

</code>

复合主键映射

对象与主键

<code class=" hljs java"><span class="hljs-comment">// 复合主键类</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">CompositeKeys</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title">Serializable</span>{</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String userName;
    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String address;
   <span class="hljs-comment">// .. get/set</span>
}</code>
<code class=" hljs cs"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> User {
    <span class="hljs-comment">// 名字跟地址,不会重复</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> CompositeKeys keys;
    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> age;
}</code>

User.hbm.xml

<code class=" hljs xml"><span class="hljs-pi"><?xml version="1.0"?></span>
<span class="hljs-doctype"><!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"></span>

<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">hibernate-mapping</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">package</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"cn.itcast.d_compositeKey"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">auto-import</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"true"</span>></span>

    <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">class</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"User"</span>></span>

        <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- 复合主键映射 --></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">composite-id</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"keys"</span>></span>
            <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">key-property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"userName"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"string"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">key-property</span>></span>

            <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">key-property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"address"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"string"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">key-property</span>></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">composite-id</span>></span>

        <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"age"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"int"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span>     

    <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">class</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">hibernate-mapping</span>></span></code>

APP.java

<code class=" hljs cs"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> App2 {

    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> SessionFactory sf;
    <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span>  {       
        <span class="hljs-comment">// 创建sf对象</span>
        sf = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Configuration()
            .configure()
            .addClass(User.class)  <span class="hljs-comment">//(测试) 会自动加载映射文件:Employee.hbm.xml</span>
            .buildSessionFactory();
    }

    <span class="hljs-comment">//1. 保存对象</span>
    @Test
    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">testSave</span>() throws Exception {
        Session session = sf.openSession();
        Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();

        <span class="hljs-comment">// 对象</span>
        CompositeKeys keys = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> CompositeKeys();
        keys.setAddress(<span class="hljs-string">"广州棠东"</span>);
        keys.setUserName(<span class="hljs-string">"Jack"</span>);
        User user = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> User();
        user.setAge(<span class="hljs-number">20</span>);
        user.setKeys(keys);

        <span class="hljs-comment">// 保存</span>
        session.save(user);


        tx.commit();
        session.close();
    }

    @Test
    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">testGet</span>() throws Exception {
        Session session = sf.openSession();
        Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();

        <span class="hljs-comment">//构建主键再查询</span>
        CompositeKeys keys = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> CompositeKeys();
        keys.setAddress(<span class="hljs-string">"广州棠东"</span>);
        keys.setUserName(<span class="hljs-string">"Jack"</span>);

        <span class="hljs-comment">// 主键查询</span>
        User user = (User) session.<span class="hljs-keyword">get</span>(User.class, keys);
        <span class="hljs-comment">// 测试输出</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (user != <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>){
            System.<span class="hljs-keyword">out</span>.println(user.getKeys().getUserName());
            System.<span class="hljs-keyword">out</span>.println(user.getKeys().getAddress());
            System.<span class="hljs-keyword">out</span>.println(user.getAge());
        }


        tx.commit();
        session.close();
    }
}

</code>
Déclaration:
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