php调用python脚本
起初是为了实现一个小需求,想要在JQuery执行的AJAX异步请求时在服务器端调用执行Python脚本。而Windows服务器端部署的WEB环境是Apache+PHP,在AJAX异步请求时根本不能直接调用Python脚本。
因为web开发语言是php而非Python的Django和Flask等开发框架。AJAX是可以调用执行服务器端的脚本文件,但它的本质仍是HTTP的请求。
所以就只能在HTTP请求中想办法调用Python脚本,也就在PHP程序中调用执行python脚本。
这里就要用到PHP的内置函数exec() 和system() ;
PHP的exec() 和system() 函数区别:
(1)system()
原型:string system (string command [, int return_var])
system()函数很其它语言中的差不多,它执行给定的命令,输出和返回结果。
(2)exec()
原型:string exec (string command [, string array [, int return_var]])
exec ()函数与system()类似,也执行给定的命令,但不输出结果,而是返回结果的最后一行。
可以看出两个函数的区别就是PHP在调用执行外部命令后,system()函数将执行的结果输出并返回给PHP程序。而 exec() 函数在调用执行外部命令后不会将结果输出,只是返回结果。
程序代码实现和对比:
(1)in.php程序使用exec()函数代码及解析:
(2)test.py程序代码:
(3)PHP程序执行后效果1:
这样就利用exec()函数实现了对python脚本的调用,下面说一下将in.php程序中的exec()函数替换成system()函数后的执行效果。
(4)in.php程序使用system()函数代码及解析:
(5)PHP程序执行后效果2:
可以看出使用system()函数时,执行python程序时不但返回结果,而且将结果输出了,而exec()函数只是返回结果,没有输出。
扩展应用:(php web开发数据调用)
想要在网页上显示其它网站上的数据内容时,都需要网站提供数据的调用接口直接调用,如果没有接口,就需要用爬虫将数据爬回来后保存到数据库,在用程序从数据库中取出数据展示出来。(当然也可以用到php的curl库进行数据爬取后进行展示,但是个人认为在编程语言中做爬虫最简单并且强大的还是Python),而如果在PHP程序中直接调用python脚本进行爬虫,然后再将数据展示到网页上,这样就可以省去插入数据到数据库和从数据库读取数据的过程,这种做法对一些实时数据的爬取还是比较有用的,但是一定会影响网页的加载速度。下面将以前写的一个爬虫爬到的数据直接展示到web网页上供大家参考。
(1)php程序代码:
<?PHP $output=exec('python test1.py'); echo $output; ?>
(2)python爬虫代码:
import requests import json class WeatherSpider(object): def __inti__(self): pass def request(self,url): headers = { 'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.87 Safari/537.36', 'Referer': 'http://www.weather.com.cn/weather40d/101060201.shtml' } return requests.get(url,headers=headers) def create_url(self): year = '2016' for i in range(1,2): month = str(i) if i > 9 else "0" + str(i) url = "http://d1.weather.com.cn/calendar_new/" + year + "/101060201_" + year + month + ".html" self.get_data(url) def get_data(self,url): respone = self.request(url).content json_str = respone.decode(encoding='utf-8')[11:] weathers = json.loads(json_str) data = "" for weather in weathers: data = data+weather.get('date')+'星期'+weather.get('wk')+weather.get('hmax')+weather.get('hmin')+weather.get('hgl')+"<br>" print (data) if __name__ == '__main__': jl_weather = WeatherSpider() jl_weather.create_url()
(3)web网页爬虫展示:
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