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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorial为什么叫做栈内存?难道此内存机制使用了栈的原理?

为什么叫做栈内存?难道此内存机制使用了栈的原理?

这是百科的解释,java可以换成任何编程语言 :C/PHP/Python
就好像我们在页面最顶部设置了一个变量

<code> $a = 1;(入)
$b = 2;(入)
print_r($a);
print_r($b);
</code>

难道$a = 1是到最后才输出的吗?
怎么回事呢?是我理解有误吗?
问题:为什么叫做栈内存?难道此内存机制使用了栈的原理?

回复内容:

为什么叫做栈内存?难道此内存机制使用了栈的原理?

这是百科的解释,java可以换成任何编程语言 :C/PHP/Python
就好像我们在页面最顶部设置了一个变量

<code> $a = 1;(入)
$b = 2;(入)
print_r($a);
print_r($b);
</code>

难道$a = 1是到最后才输出的吗?
怎么回事呢?是我理解有误吗?
问题:为什么叫做栈内存?难道此内存机制使用了栈的原理?

栈内存一般存储的是函数的调用信息和函数中申明的变量,因为函数的调用是递归的,外层函数一定比内层被调用的函数先加载和执行,而一定等到内层被调用函数结束后才能结束,这个先进后出的机制就是为什么叫栈内存的原因。
PS:在编译时编译器会先收集此函数中所有定义的变量,将他们放在函数最前面申请内存,所以他们进出栈的顺序不是你在编写程序时定义的顺序,而是在函数执行前进栈,函数执行完成后出栈。

举个实际的例子吧:
假设某个调用过程是这样的

<code>void a() {
    int p = 1;
    int q = 2;
}

void b() {
    int x = 3;
    int y = 4;
    
    a();
    
    int z = 5;
}
</code>

那么我们在调用b();的过程中栈内存其实经历了一下变化:
[a][b]代表a()b()的基本信息,如程序指针等)

进入b函数时
栈底 (函数信息空间进栈)<br><code>[b]


为b函数内参数申请空间
栈底 (参数空间进栈)<br><code>[b]


其他操作无关进出栈,略去


进入a函数时 (函数信息空间进栈)
栈底 <br><code>[b]


为a函数内参数申请空间
栈底 (参数空间进栈)<br><code>[b]


完成a函数时 (参数空间出栈)
栈底 <br><code>[b]


退出a函数时 (函数信息空间出栈)
栈底 <br><code>[b]


完成b函数时 (参数空间出栈)
栈底 <br><code>[b]


退出b函数时 (函数信息空间出栈)
栈底 <br><code>

翻译害死人,这里真正的翻译叫“栈帧”,Stack Frame!

在JVM设计中一个方法是一个大的Stack Frame,当然方法内部还可以有多个小的Stack Frame,这里不展开讨论。

对于一个方法内部的临时变量而言,是分配在Stack Frame的局部变量表中的(可以理解为一个数组)Local Variable Table

比如这样一段代码,就会在将p和q两个局部变量丢到局部变量表中。当一个方法写完之后,局部变量表的大小也就随之确定了下来

<code>void a() {
    int p = 1;
    int q = 2;
}</code>

接下来说到“栈”,为啥叫Stack Frame,其实这里表达的是一个Frame,Stack只是这个Frame的修饰定语而已。因为JVM是基于栈来完成指令运算操作的。(这里你可以去Google下两种不同的VM实现方式:基于寄存器和基于栈),JVM之所以选择基于栈来完成指令运算的设计结构,主要是考虑到了平台迁移的因素,因为不同的CPU架构下,寄存器的个数是不确定的,当然你也可以虚拟出寄存器来玩,但整体的实现成本就复杂上来了。

所以,大学的数据结构一定要学好。堆是堆、栈是栈,没有单独的堆栈这种数据结构描述。栈帧是帧,不是栈!

也许你需要去看一下CSAPP或者操作系统或者编译原理(实际上CSAPP就够XD)了……
这里的数据结构的栈只是凑巧重名...

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