search
HomeBackend DevelopmentPython TutorialPython 的类的下划线命名有什么不同?

1,以一个下划线开头的命名 ,如_getFile
2,以两个下划线开头的命名 ,如__filename
3,以两个下划线开头和结尾的命名,如 __init__()
4,其它
这些命名有什么不同吗?

回复内容:

首先是单下划线开头,这个被常用于模块中,在一个模块中以单下划线开头的变量和函数被默认当作内部函数,如果使用 from a_module import * 导入时,这部分变量和函数不会被导入。不过值得注意的是,如果使用 import a_module 这样导入模块,仍然可以用 a_module._some_var 这样的形式访问到这样的对象。

在 Python 的官方推荐的代码样式中,还有一种单下划线结尾的样式,这在解析时并没有特别的含义,但通常用于和 Python 关键词区分开来,比如如果我们需要一个变量叫做 class,但 class 是 Python 的关键词,就可以以单下划线结尾写作 class_。

双下划线开头的命名形式在 Python 的类成员中使用表示名字改编 (Name Mangling),即如果有一 Test 类里有一成员 __x,那么 dir(Test) 时会看到 _Test__x 而非 __x。这是为了避免该成员的名称与子类中的名称冲突。但要注意这要求该名称末尾没有下划线。

双下划线开头双下划线结尾的是一些 Python 的“魔术”对象,如类成员的 __init__、__del__、__add__、__getitem__ 等,以及全局的 __file__、__name__ 等。 Python 官方推荐永远不要将这样的命名方式应用于自己的变量或函数,而是按照文档说明来使用。

另外单下划线开头还有一种一般不会用到的情况在于使用一个 C 编写的扩展库有时会用下划线开头命名,然后使用一个去掉下划线的 Python 模块进行包装。如 struct 这个模块实际上是 C 模块 _struct 的一个 Python 包装。

更多关于命名的内容可以参考 PEP 8 《代码风格指南》的 Name Conventions 一节:python.org/dev/peps/pep

需要说明的是,由于这份文档看起来经过多次修改,双下划线开头的用法似乎曾经如 @makestory 所说,建议为类的私有成员,至少啄木鸟社区的 PEP 8 译文是这样写的,但 PEP 8 当前的官方版本中并没有体现。

啄木鸟的译文参考:wiki.woodpecker.org.cn/
另找到一份较新的译文参考:code.google.com/p/zhong 参考我翻译的一篇译文:
Python中的下划线(译文) [sorry 之前的回答有个失误,私有方法应该是双下划线,已更正]
这不是类的命名吧?应该是类方法的。
两个下划线开头的,是一个私有方法命名,但是python的私有方法并不是一个真正的私有方法,因为它还是能够被外部访问的,只不过是不能被简单的直接调用了。
以两个下划线开头和结尾的命名,都是一些特殊的方法,成为一些操作符或某些行为的钩子(比如 加减乘除、初始化、迭代等)。

单下划线的我不知道,但是有个常见用法是 _() 用于做 i18n 。比如 _('hello') = > '你好' pyton2.7中,模块中的单下划线和双下划线开头的成员都是私有成员,不能用from module import *访问,但是可以用import module访问
  • object.__format__()这里边的下划线是什么意思的呢

Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
Python and Time: Making the Most of Your Study TimePython and Time: Making the Most of Your Study TimeApr 14, 2025 am 12:02 AM

To maximize the efficiency of learning Python in a limited time, you can use Python's datetime, time, and schedule modules. 1. The datetime module is used to record and plan learning time. 2. The time module helps to set study and rest time. 3. The schedule module automatically arranges weekly learning tasks.

Python: Games, GUIs, and MorePython: Games, GUIs, and MoreApr 13, 2025 am 12:14 AM

Python excels in gaming and GUI development. 1) Game development uses Pygame, providing drawing, audio and other functions, which are suitable for creating 2D games. 2) GUI development can choose Tkinter or PyQt. Tkinter is simple and easy to use, PyQt has rich functions and is suitable for professional development.

Python vs. C  : Applications and Use Cases ComparedPython vs. C : Applications and Use Cases ComparedApr 12, 2025 am 12:01 AM

Python is suitable for data science, web development and automation tasks, while C is suitable for system programming, game development and embedded systems. Python is known for its simplicity and powerful ecosystem, while C is known for its high performance and underlying control capabilities.

The 2-Hour Python Plan: A Realistic ApproachThe 2-Hour Python Plan: A Realistic ApproachApr 11, 2025 am 12:04 AM

You can learn basic programming concepts and skills of Python within 2 hours. 1. Learn variables and data types, 2. Master control flow (conditional statements and loops), 3. Understand the definition and use of functions, 4. Quickly get started with Python programming through simple examples and code snippets.

Python: Exploring Its Primary ApplicationsPython: Exploring Its Primary ApplicationsApr 10, 2025 am 09:41 AM

Python is widely used in the fields of web development, data science, machine learning, automation and scripting. 1) In web development, Django and Flask frameworks simplify the development process. 2) In the fields of data science and machine learning, NumPy, Pandas, Scikit-learn and TensorFlow libraries provide strong support. 3) In terms of automation and scripting, Python is suitable for tasks such as automated testing and system management.

How Much Python Can You Learn in 2 Hours?How Much Python Can You Learn in 2 Hours?Apr 09, 2025 pm 04:33 PM

You can learn the basics of Python within two hours. 1. Learn variables and data types, 2. Master control structures such as if statements and loops, 3. Understand the definition and use of functions. These will help you start writing simple Python programs.

How to teach computer novice programming basics in project and problem-driven methods within 10 hours?How to teach computer novice programming basics in project and problem-driven methods within 10 hours?Apr 02, 2025 am 07:18 AM

How to teach computer novice programming basics within 10 hours? If you only have 10 hours to teach computer novice some programming knowledge, what would you choose to teach...

How to avoid being detected by the browser when using Fiddler Everywhere for man-in-the-middle reading?How to avoid being detected by the browser when using Fiddler Everywhere for man-in-the-middle reading?Apr 02, 2025 am 07:15 AM

How to avoid being detected when using FiddlerEverywhere for man-in-the-middle readings When you use FiddlerEverywhere...

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
4 weeks agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Best Graphic Settings
4 weeks agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. How to Fix Audio if You Can't Hear Anyone
4 weeks agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
WWE 2K25: How To Unlock Everything In MyRise
1 months agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

Dreamweaver Mac version

Dreamweaver Mac version

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 English version

SublimeText3 English version

Recommended: Win version, supports code prompts!

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

Atom editor mac version download

Atom editor mac version download

The most popular open source editor

SAP NetWeaver Server Adapter for Eclipse

SAP NetWeaver Server Adapter for Eclipse

Integrate Eclipse with SAP NetWeaver application server.