search
HomeBackend DevelopmentPython TutorialPython time模块详解(常用函数实例讲解,非常好)

在开始之前,首先要说明这几点:

1.在Python中,通常有这几种方式来表示时间:1)时间戳 2)格式化的时间字符串 3)元组(struct_time)共九个元素。由于Python的time模块实现主要调用C库,所以各个平台可能有所不同。
2.UTC(Coordinated Universal Time,世界协调时)亦即格林威治天文时间,世界标准时间。在中国为UTC+8。DST(Daylight Saving Time)即夏令时。
3.时间戳(timestamp)的方式:通常来说,时间戳表示的是从1970年1月1日00:00:00开始按秒计算的偏移量。我们运行“type(time.time())”,返回的是float类型。返回时间戳方式的函数主要有time(),clock()等。
4.元组(struct_time)方式:struct_time元组共有9个元素,返回struct_time的函数主要有gmtime(),localtime(),strptime()。下面列出这种方式元组中的几个元素:

索引(Index) 属性(Attribute) 值(Values)
0 tm_year(年) 比如2011
1 tm_mon(月) 1 - 12
2 tm_mday(日) 1 - 31
3 tm_hour(时) 0 - 23
4 tm_min(分) 0 - 59
5 tm_sec(秒) 0 - 61
6 tm_wday(weekday) 0 - 6(0表示周日)
7 tm_yday(一年中的第几天) 1 - 366
8 tm_isdst(是否是夏令时) 默认为-1


接着介绍time模块中常用的几个函数:

1)time.localtime([secs]):将一个时间戳转换为当前时区的struct_time。secs参数未提供,则以当前时间为准。

代码如下:


>>> time.localtime()
time.struct_time(tm_year=2011, tm_mon=5, tm_mday=5, tm_hour=14, tm_min=14, tm_sec=50, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=125, tm_isdst=0)
>>> time.localtime(1304575584.1361799)
time.struct_time(tm_year=2011, tm_mon=5, tm_mday=5, tm_hour=14, tm_min=6, tm_sec=24, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=125, tm_isdst=0)


2)time.gmtime([secs]):和localtime()方法类似,gmtime()方法是将一个时间戳转换为UTC时区(0时区)的struct_time。

代码如下:


>>>time.gmtime()
time.struct_time(tm_year=2011, tm_mon=5, tm_mday=5, tm_hour=6, tm_min=19, tm_sec=48, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=125, tm_isdst=0)


3)time.time():返回当前时间的时间戳。

代码如下:


>>> time.time()
1304575584.1361799


4)time.mktime(t):将一个struct_time转化为时间戳。

代码如下:


>>> time.mktime(time.localtime())
1304576839.0


5)time.sleep(secs):线程推迟指定的时间运行。单位为秒。

6)time.clock():这个需要注意,在不同的系统上含义不同。在UNIX系统上,它返回的是“进程时间”,它是用秒表示的浮点数(时间戳)。而在WINDOWS中,第一次调用,返回的是进程运行的实际时间。而第二次之后的调用是自第一次调用以后到现在的运行时间。(实际上是以WIN32上QueryPerformanceCounter()为基础,它比毫秒表示更为精确)

代码如下:


import time 
if __name__ == '__main__': 
    time.sleep(1) 
    print "clock1:%s" % time.clock() 
    time.sleep(1) 
    print "clock2:%s" % time.clock() 
    time.sleep(1) 
    print "clock3:%s" % time.clock()


运行结果:

clock1:3.35238137808e-006
clock2:1.00004944763
clock3:2.00012040636

其中第一个clock()输出的是程序运行时间

第二、三个clock()输出的都是与第一个clock的时间间隔

7)time.asctime([t]):把一个表示时间的元组或者struct_time表示为这种形式:'Sun Jun 20 23:21:05 1993'。如果没有参数,将会将time.localtime()作为参数传入。

代码如下:


>>> time.asctime()
'Thu May 5 14:55:43 2011'


8)time.ctime([secs]):把一个时间戳(按秒计算的浮点数)转化为time.asctime()的形式。如果参数未给或者为None的时候,将会默认time.time()为参数。它的作用相当于time.asctime(time.localtime(secs))。

代码如下:


>>> time.ctime()
'Thu May 5 14:58:09 2011'
>>> time.ctime(time.time())
'Thu May 5 14:58:39 2011'
>>> time.ctime(1304579615)
'Thu May 5 15:13:35 2011'


9)time.strftime(format[, t]):把一个代表时间的元组或者struct_time(如由time.localtime()和time.gmtime()返回)转化为格式化的时间字符串。如果t未指定,将传入time.localtime()。如果元组中任何一个元素越界,ValueError的错误将会被抛出。

格式 含义 备注
%a 本地(locale)简化星期名称
%A 本地完整星期名称
%b 本地简化月份名称
%B 本地完整月份名称
%c 本地相应的日期和时间表示
%d 一个月中的第几天(01 - 31)
%H 一天中的第几个小时(24小时制,00 - 23)
%I 第几个小时(12小时制,01 - 12)
%j 一年中的第几天(001 - 366)
%m 月份(01 - 12)
%M 分钟数(00 - 59)
%p 本地am或者pm的相应符
%S 秒(01 - 61)
%U 一年中的星期数。(00 - 53星期天是一个星期的开始。)第一个星期天之前的所有天数都放在第0周。
%w 一个星期中的第几天(0 - 6,0是星期天)
%W 和%U基本相同,不同的是%W以星期一为一个星期的开始。
%x 本地相应日期
%X 本地相应时间
%y 去掉世纪的年份(00 - 99)
%Y 完整的年份
%Z 时区的名字(如果不存在为空字符)
%% ‘%'字符

备注:

“%p”只有与“%I”配合使用才有效果。
文档中强调确实是0 - 61,而不是59,闰年秒占两秒(汗一个)。
当使用strptime()函数时,只有当在这年中的周数和天数被确定的时候%U和%W才会被计算。
举个例子:

代码如下:


>>> time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %X", time.localtime())
'2011-05-05 16:37:06'

10)time.strptime(string[, format]):把一个格式化时间字符串转化为struct_time。实际上它和strftime()是逆操作。

代码如下:


>>> time.strptime('2011-05-05 16:37:06', '%Y-%m-%d %X')
time.struct_time(tm_year=2011, tm_mon=5, tm_mday=5, tm_hour=16, tm_min=37, tm_sec=6, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=125, tm_isdst=-1)


在这个函数中,format默认为:"%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y"。

最后,我们来对time模块进行一个总结。根据之前描述,在Python中共有三种表达方式:1)timestamp 2)tuple或者struct_time 3)格式化字符串。

它们之间的转化如图所示:

Python time模块详解(常用函数实例讲解,非常好)

Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
What are the alternatives to concatenate two lists in Python?What are the alternatives to concatenate two lists in Python?May 09, 2025 am 12:16 AM

There are many methods to connect two lists in Python: 1. Use operators, which are simple but inefficient in large lists; 2. Use extend method, which is efficient but will modify the original list; 3. Use the = operator, which is both efficient and readable; 4. Use itertools.chain function, which is memory efficient but requires additional import; 5. Use list parsing, which is elegant but may be too complex. The selection method should be based on the code context and requirements.

Python: Efficient Ways to Merge Two ListsPython: Efficient Ways to Merge Two ListsMay 09, 2025 am 12:15 AM

There are many ways to merge Python lists: 1. Use operators, which are simple but not memory efficient for large lists; 2. Use extend method, which is efficient but will modify the original list; 3. Use itertools.chain, which is suitable for large data sets; 4. Use * operator, merge small to medium-sized lists in one line of code; 5. Use numpy.concatenate, which is suitable for large data sets and scenarios with high performance requirements; 6. Use append method, which is suitable for small lists but is inefficient. When selecting a method, you need to consider the list size and application scenarios.

Compiled vs Interpreted Languages: pros and consCompiled vs Interpreted Languages: pros and consMay 09, 2025 am 12:06 AM

Compiledlanguagesofferspeedandsecurity,whileinterpretedlanguagesprovideeaseofuseandportability.1)CompiledlanguageslikeC arefasterandsecurebuthavelongerdevelopmentcyclesandplatformdependency.2)InterpretedlanguageslikePythonareeasiertouseandmoreportab

Python: For and While Loops, the most complete guidePython: For and While Loops, the most complete guideMay 09, 2025 am 12:05 AM

In Python, a for loop is used to traverse iterable objects, and a while loop is used to perform operations repeatedly when the condition is satisfied. 1) For loop example: traverse the list and print the elements. 2) While loop example: guess the number game until you guess it right. Mastering cycle principles and optimization techniques can improve code efficiency and reliability.

Python concatenate lists into a stringPython concatenate lists into a stringMay 09, 2025 am 12:02 AM

To concatenate a list into a string, using the join() method in Python is the best choice. 1) Use the join() method to concatenate the list elements into a string, such as ''.join(my_list). 2) For a list containing numbers, convert map(str, numbers) into a string before concatenating. 3) You can use generator expressions for complex formatting, such as ','.join(f'({fruit})'forfruitinfruits). 4) When processing mixed data types, use map(str, mixed_list) to ensure that all elements can be converted into strings. 5) For large lists, use ''.join(large_li

Python's Hybrid Approach: Compilation and Interpretation CombinedPython's Hybrid Approach: Compilation and Interpretation CombinedMay 08, 2025 am 12:16 AM

Pythonusesahybridapproach,combiningcompilationtobytecodeandinterpretation.1)Codeiscompiledtoplatform-independentbytecode.2)BytecodeisinterpretedbythePythonVirtualMachine,enhancingefficiencyandportability.

Learn the Differences Between Python's 'for' and 'while' LoopsLearn the Differences Between Python's 'for' and 'while' LoopsMay 08, 2025 am 12:11 AM

ThekeydifferencesbetweenPython's"for"and"while"loopsare:1)"For"loopsareidealforiteratingoversequencesorknowniterations,while2)"while"loopsarebetterforcontinuinguntilaconditionismetwithoutpredefinediterations.Un

Python concatenate lists with duplicatesPython concatenate lists with duplicatesMay 08, 2025 am 12:09 AM

In Python, you can connect lists and manage duplicate elements through a variety of methods: 1) Use operators or extend() to retain all duplicate elements; 2) Convert to sets and then return to lists to remove all duplicate elements, but the original order will be lost; 3) Use loops or list comprehensions to combine sets to remove duplicate elements and maintain the original order.

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

SecLists

SecLists

SecLists is the ultimate security tester's companion. It is a collection of various types of lists that are frequently used during security assessments, all in one place. SecLists helps make security testing more efficient and productive by conveniently providing all the lists a security tester might need. List types include usernames, passwords, URLs, fuzzing payloads, sensitive data patterns, web shells, and more. The tester can simply pull this repository onto a new test machine and he will have access to every type of list he needs.

DVWA

DVWA

Damn Vulnerable Web App (DVWA) is a PHP/MySQL web application that is very vulnerable. Its main goals are to be an aid for security professionals to test their skills and tools in a legal environment, to help web developers better understand the process of securing web applications, and to help teachers/students teach/learn in a classroom environment Web application security. The goal of DVWA is to practice some of the most common web vulnerabilities through a simple and straightforward interface, with varying degrees of difficulty. Please note that this software

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

SublimeText3 English version

SublimeText3 English version

Recommended: Win version, supports code prompts!

SublimeText3 Linux new version

SublimeText3 Linux new version

SublimeText3 Linux latest version