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HomeBackend DevelopmentPython TutorialPython利用ansible分发处理任务

其实对python熟悉的人都可以自己用paramiko来写任务的分发系统,再结合gevent的协程就能实现异步的处理。

如果只想用工具的朋友可以使用一些工具,类似{puppet,saltstack,fabric,ansible,chef}等,其实这些工具的都是很好用的,不过于学习的成本,我建议大家使用ansible,这个模块封装的不错,功能也很齐全。

我们首先先安装ansible把

代码如下:

pip install ansible                           #其实我建议大家用ubuntu的系统,ubuntu的系统对开源的东西都支持的很好,而且apt的功能要比yum强不少。

代码如下:

mkdir -p /etc/ansible/                        #给ansible创建一个配置文件的目录

more hosts 
[Web]
192.168.6.210:22 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=123 
[Dubbo+Zookeeper]
192.168.6.212:22 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=123
[Mysql]
192.168.6.213:22 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=123

如果你的机器没有做无密码访问,那么就在后面加上密码吧,如果你的SSH端口做过改动,那么请在IP后面加上端口号。如果有报错的话,你先安装一下apt-get install sshpass

做完上面这些准备工作,我们的ansible就可以运行了

ansible Boss+Merchant+Web -m shell -a "hostname;ip a"                这里的Boss+Merchant+Web是我在hosts文件中定义的主机组  -m后面是接的模块 -a 就、后面是索要执行的命令
192.168.6.210 | success | rc=0 >>
Pay-Boss+Merchant+Web
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue 
  link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
  inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
  link/ether 00:0c:29:96:06:4e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
  inet 192.168.6.210/24 brd 192.168.6.255 scope global eth0

模块的信息可以从官网的教程下仔细查看,反正我一般都用shell。。。

现在来玩玩playbook,其实就是把命令保存到文件中,再执行,也就是一回事,不必非要用这个东西,我们自己也能写代码来封装这些命令

mkdir -p /etc/ansible/playbooks
touch boss.yml
more boss.yml
- hosts : Boss+Merchant+Web        hosts 文件中的主机组
 remote_user : root
 tasks :
    - name : update_boss       任务代号
     shell : source /etc/profile;whoami;uptime;cat /etc/issue        模块+命令
#     shell : echo "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"

执行

ansible-playbook boss.yml
 __________________________
< PLAY [Boss+Merchant+Web] >
 --------------------------
    \  ^__^
     \ (oo)\_______
      (__)\    )\/\
        ||----w |
        ||   ||

 _________________
< GATHERING FACTS >
 -----------------
    \  ^__^
     \ (oo)\_______
      (__)\    )\/\
        ||----w |
        ||   ||

ok: [192.168.6.210]
 ___________________
< TASK: update_boss >
 -------------------
    \  ^__^
     \ (oo)\_______
      (__)\    )\/\
        ||----w |
        ||   ||

changed: [192.168.6.210]
 ____________
< PLAY RECAP >
 ------------
    \  ^__^
     \ (oo)\_______
      (__)\    )\/\
        ||----w |
        ||   ||

192.168.6.210       : ok=2  changed=1  unreachable=0  failed=0

这个是结果,不过这个    cowsay是怎么打印出来的,我了个去,这是什么情况?

利用-vvvv来查看具体的执行情况

ansible Boss+Merchant+Web -m shell -a "hostname;ip a" -vvvv
<192.168.6.210> ESTABLISH CONNECTION FOR USER: root
<192.168.6.210> REMOTE_MODULE command hostname;ip a #USE_SHELL
<192.168.6.210> EXEC sshpass -d6 ssh -C -tt -vvv -o ControlMaster=auto -o ControlPersist=60s -o ControlPath="/root/.ansible/cp/ansible-ssh-%h-%p-%r" -o GSSAPIAuthentication=no -o PubkeyAuthentication=no -o ConnectTimeout=10 192.168.6.210 /bin/sh -c 'mkdir -p $HOME/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1435819148.95-1730630738440 && echo $HOME/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1435819148.95-1730630738440'
<192.168.6.210> PUT /tmp/tmpRfkD3R TO /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1435819148.95-1730630738440/command
<192.168.6.210> EXEC sshpass -d6 ssh -C -tt -vvv -o ControlMaster=auto -o ControlPersist=60s -o ControlPath="/root/.ansible/cp/ansible-ssh-%h-%p-%r" -o GSSAPIAuthentication=no -o PubkeyAuthentication=no -o ConnectTimeout=10 192.168.6.210 /bin/sh -c 'LANG=en_US.UTF-8 LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8 /usr/bin/python /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1435819148.95-1730630738440/command; rm -rf /root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1435819148.95-1730630738440/ >/dev/null 2>&1'
192.168.6.210 | success | rc=0 >>
Pay-Boss+Merchant+Web
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue 
  link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
  inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
  link/ether 00:0c:29:96:06:4e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
  inet 192.168.6.210/24 brd 192.168.6.255 scope global eth0

类似于debug。

以上所述就是本文的全部内容了,希望大家能够喜欢。

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