么是约瑟夫问题?
约瑟夫问题是一个有趣的数学游戏,游戏规则如下:
1、N个人围成一个圈,编号从1开始,依次到N。
2、编号为M的游戏参与者开始报数,报数从1开始,后面的人报数接龙,直到K为止,报数为K的人将出局。
3、出局者的下一个玩家接着从1开始报数,如此循环,直到剩下一个玩家时游戏结束,这个玩家就是游戏获胜者。
那么问题来了,哪个编号是游戏获胜者呢?
下面通过简单的几行python代码来解决这个问题:
#!/usr/bin/env python # Joseph Problem def joseph(total, begins, count): queue = range(1, total + 1) death = (begins + count - 2) % len(queue) for times in range(total - 1): print 'out: ', queue[death] del queue[death] death = (death + count -1) % len(queue) print 'survivor: ', queue[0]
joseph()函数中,参数total即上面提到的N,begins即M,count及K,每次循环报数out一个编号,最后剩下的survivor便是游戏获胜者。
而C++的通常实现方法如下:
#include <iostream> using namespace std; void main() { int N=0,C=0; cout<<"Please enter the number of people:N="; cin>>N; cout<<"Please enter:C="; cin>>C; int i=0,j=0,n=N,s=0; int *a=new int [N]; for (i=0;i<N;i++) { a[i]=1; } while(0!=n) { s+=a[j]; if(C==s) { a[j]=0; s=0; --n; if(0!=n) { cout<<j+1<<"->"; } else { cout<<j+1<<endl; } } j=(j+1)%N; } delete []a; }
这是C++语言常见的机试题目,以下程序实现从控制台输入人数N,C并将剔除出队列的人员编号按顺序输出到控制台上。

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