Jquery框架下Ajax与PHP数据交换
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最近刚刚做了一个小项目，其中用到了大量的Ajax技术。当然了，刚开始用的时候，避免不了出现很多的错误，也走了汗多弯路，这里整理了出来，除了是为了供自己以后开发参考外，也是为了拿出来与大家分享，希望能让初学者少走弯路，也希望能够得到高手的批评与指正。
一、前台传递字符串变量，后台返回字符串变量（非json格式）
Javascript代码：
这里，为了解决Ajax数据传递出现的汉字乱码，在字符串传递之前，使用javascript函数escape()对汉字字符串进行了编码，并且对返回
的字符串使用unescape()函数进行解码，使得汉字得以正常显示。当然了，后台PHP代码也添加了头文件，以保证汉字字符串不会出现乱码。各种后台代码解决
汉字乱码问题的方式如下：
PHP:header('Content-Type:text/html;charset=GB2312');
ASP:Response.Charset("GB2312")
JSP:response.setHeader("Charset","GB2312");
<span style="color: #008080;"> 1</span> $(<span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span><span style="color: #000000;">(){
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 2</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> my_data="前台变量"<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 3</span> my_data=escape(my_data)+"";<span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">编码，防止汉字乱码</span>
<span style="color: #008080;"> 4</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> $.ajax({
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 5</span> url: "ajax_php.php"<span style="color: #000000;">,
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 6</span> type: "POST"<span style="color: #000000;">,
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 7</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> data:{trans_data:my_data},
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 8</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">dataType: "json",</span>
<span style="color: #008080;"> 9</span> error: <span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span><span style="color: #000000;">(){
</span><span style="color: #008080;">10</span> alert('Error loading XML document'<span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #008080;">11</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> },
</span><span style="color: #008080;">12</span> success: <span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span>(data,status){<span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">如果调用php成功 </span>
<span style="color: #008080;">13</span> alert(unescape(data));<span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">解码，显示汉字</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">14</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> }
</span><span style="color: #008080;">15</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> });
</span><span style="color: #008080;">16</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">17</span> });
PHP代码：
<span style="color: #008080;">1</span> <span style="color: #000000;">php
</span><span style="color: #008080;">2</span> <span style="color: #008080;">header</span>('Content-Type:text/html; charset=gb2312');<span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">使用gb2312编码，使中文不会变成乱码</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">3</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span>=<span style="color: #800080;">$_POST</span>['trans_data'<span style="color: #000000;">];
</span><span style="color: #008080;">4</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span>."+后台返回"<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">5</span> ?>
显示效果如下图所示：
二、前台传递多个一维数组，后台返回字符串变量（非json格式）
Javascript代码：
在非json格式下，后台只能返回字符串，如果想后台返回数组，可以采用json格式，在本文的后面会详细介绍。
<span style="color: #008080;"> 1</span> $(<span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span><span style="color: #000000;">(){
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 2</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> my_data=<span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Array();
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 3</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> my_data1=<span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Array();
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 4</span> my_data[0]=0<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 5</span> my_data[1]=1<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 6</span> my_data[2]=2<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 7</span>
<span style="color: #008080;"> 8</span> my_data1[0]=10<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 9</span> my_data1[1]=11<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">10</span> my_data1[2]=12<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">11</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">12</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> $.ajax({
</span><span style="color: #008080;">13</span> url: "ajax_php.php"<span style="color: #000000;">,
</span><span style="color: #008080;">14</span> type: "POST"<span style="color: #000000;">,
</span><span style="color: #008080;">15</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> data:{trans_data:my_data,trans_data1:my_data1},
</span><span style="color: #008080;">16</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">dataType: "json",</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">17</span> error: <span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span><span style="color: #000000;">(){
</span><span style="color: #008080;">18</span> alert('Error loading XML document'<span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #008080;">19</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> },
</span><span style="color: #008080;">20</span> success: <span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span>(data,status){<span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">如果调用php成功 </span>
<span style="color: #008080;">21</span> alert(data);
<span style="color: #008080;">22</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> }
</span><span style="color: #008080;">23</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> });
</span><span style="color: #008080;">24</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">25</span> });
PHP代码：
<span style="color: #008080;"> 1</span> <span style="color: #000000;">php
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 2</span> <span style="color: #008080;">header</span>('Content-Type:text/html; charset=gb2312');<span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">使用gb2312编码，使中文不会变成乱码
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 3</span>
<span style="color: #008080;"> 4</span> <span style="color: #008000;"> //读取第一个数组</span>
<span style="color: #008080;"> 5</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span>="trans_data:"<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 6</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$trans</span>=<span style="color: #800080;">$_POST</span>['trans_data'<span style="color: #000000;">];
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 7</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">foreach</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$trans</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">as</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$value</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 8</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> {
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 9</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span>=<span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span>." ".<span style="color: #800080;">$value</span><span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">10</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> }
</span><span style="color: #008080;">11</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">12</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">读取第二个数组</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">13</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span>=<span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span>." , trans_data1:"<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">14</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$trans</span>=<span style="color: #800080;">$_POST</span>['trans_data1'<span style="color: #000000;">];
</span><span style="color: #008080;">15</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">foreach</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$trans</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">as</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$value</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #008080;">16</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> {
</span><span style="color: #008080;">17</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span>=<span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span>." ".<span style="color: #800080;">$value</span><span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">18</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> }
</span><span style="color: #008080;">19</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span><span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">20</span> ?>
显示效果如下图：
三、前台传递多个一维数组，后台返回二维数组（json格式）
Javascript代码：
<span style="color: #008080;"> 1</span> $(<span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span><span style="color: #000000;">(){
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 2</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> my_data=<span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Array();
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 3</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> my_data1=<span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Array();
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 4</span> my_data[0]=0<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 5</span> my_data[1]=1<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 6</span> my_data[2]=2<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 7</span>
<span style="color: #008080;"> 8</span> my_data1[0]=10<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 9</span> my_data1[1]=11<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">10</span> my_data1[2]=12<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">11</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">12</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> $.ajax({
</span><span style="color: #008080;">13</span> url: "ajax_php.php"<span style="color: #000000;">,
</span><span style="color: #008080;">14</span> type: "POST"<span style="color: #000000;">,
</span><span style="color: #008080;">15</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> data:{trans_data:my_data,trans_data1:my_data1},
</span><span style="color: #008080;">16</span> dataType: "json"<span style="color: #000000;">,
</span><span style="color: #008080;">17</span> error: <span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span><span style="color: #000000;">(){
</span><span style="color: #008080;">18</span> alert('Error loading XML document'<span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #008080;">19</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> },
</span><span style="color: #008080;">20</span> success: <span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span>(data){<span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">如果调用php成功 </span>
<span style="color: #008080;">21</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> back=""<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">22</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span>(<span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> i=0;i){
<span style="color: #008080;">23</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span>(<span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> j=0;j<data style="color: #000000;">){
<span style="color: #008080;">24</span> back+=" "+i+" 行 "+j+" 列 :"+data[i][j]+" "<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">25</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> }
</span><span style="color: #008080;">26</span> back+="\n"<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">27</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> }
</span><span style="color: #008080;">28</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> alert(back);
</span><span style="color: #008080;">29</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> }
</span><span style="color: #008080;">30</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> });
</span><span style="color: #008080;">31</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">32</span> });</data>
PHP代码：
<span style="color: #008080;">1</span> <span style="color: #000000;">php
</span><span style="color: #008080;">2</span> <span style="color: #008080;">header</span>('Content-Type:text/html; charset=gb2312');<span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">使用gb2312编码，使中文不会变成乱码 </span>
<span style="color: #008080;">3</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span>=<span style="color: #0000ff;">array</span><span style="color: #000000;">();
</span><span style="color: #008080;">4</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span>[0]=<span style="color: #800080;">$_POST</span>['trans_data'<span style="color: #000000;">];
</span><span style="color: #008080;">5</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span>[1]=<span style="color: #800080;">$_POST</span>['trans_data1'<span style="color: #000000;">];
</span><span style="color: #008080;">6</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">7</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span> json_encode(<span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #008080;">8</span> ?>
显示效果如下图：
四、前台传递一维数组和二维数组，后台返回二维数组（json格式）
Javascript代码：
<span style="color: #008080;"> 1</span> $(<span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span><span style="color: #000000;">(){
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 2</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> my_data=<span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Array();
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 3</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> my_data1=<span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Array();
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 4</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> my_data2=<span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Array();
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 5</span>
<span style="color: #008080;"> 6</span> my_data[0]=0<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 7</span> my_data[1]=1<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 8</span> my_data[2]=2<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 9</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">10</span> my_data1[0]=10<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">11</span> my_data1[1]=11<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">12</span> my_data1[2]=12<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">13</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">14</span> my_data2[0]=<span style="color: #000000;">my_data;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">15</span> my_data2[1]=<span style="color: #000000;">my_data1;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">16</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">17</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> $.ajax({
</span><span style="color: #008080;">18</span> url: "ajax_php.php"<span style="color: #000000;">,
</span><span style="color: #008080;">19</span> type: "POST"<span style="color: #000000;">,
</span><span style="color: #008080;">20</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> data:{trans_data:my_data,trans_data1:my_data1,trans_data2:my_data2},
</span><span style="color: #008080;">21</span> dataType: "json"<span style="color: #000000;">,
</span><span style="color: #008080;">22</span> error: <span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span><span style="color: #000000;">(){
</span><span style="color: #008080;">23</span> alert('Error loading XML document'<span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #008080;">24</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> },
</span><span style="color: #008080;">25</span> success: <span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span>(data){<span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">如果调用php成功 </span>
<span style="color: #008080;">26</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> back=""<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">27</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span>(<span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> i=0;i){
<span style="color: #008080;">28</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span>(<span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> j=0;j<data style="color: #000000;">){
<span style="color: #008080;">29</span> back+=" "+i+" 行 "+j+" 列 :"+data[i][j]+" "<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">30</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> }
</span><span style="color: #008080;">31</span> back+="\n"<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">32</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> }
</span><span style="color: #008080;">33</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> alert(back);
</span><span style="color: #008080;">34</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> }
</span><span style="color: #008080;">35</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> });
</span><span style="color: #008080;">36</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">37</span> });</data>
PHP代码：
<span style="color: #008080;">1</span> <span style="color: #000000;">php
</span><span style="color: #008080;">2</span> <span style="color: #008080;">header</span>('Content-Type:text/html; charset=gb2312');<span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">使用gb2312编码，使中文不会变成乱码 </span>
<span style="color: #008080;">3</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span>=<span style="color: #0000ff;">array</span><span style="color: #000000;">();
</span><span style="color: #008080;">4</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span>=<span style="color: #800080;">$_POST</span>['trans_data2'<span style="color: #000000;">];
</span><span style="color: #008080;">5</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span>[2]=<span style="color: #800080;">$_POST</span>['trans_data'<span style="color: #000000;">];
</span><span style="color: #008080;">6</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span>[3]=<span style="color: #800080;">$_POST</span>['trans_data1'<span style="color: #000000;">];
</span><span style="color: #008080;">7</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">8</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span> json_encode(<span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #008080;">9</span> ?>
显示效果如下图：
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