Exception handling in C++ technology: How to use exception handling for error handling and recovery?

Answer: Exception handling in C can be used to handle and recover from run-time errors. Exception handling mechanism: Exception throwing: Use the throw keyword to throw an exception object. Exception catching: The catch block catches the thrown exception. Exception handling: Try-catch blocks surround code that may throw exceptions. Best practice: Use exception handling only when needed. Throw specific and meaningful exceptions. Properly handle all thrown exceptions. Use noexcept to specify functions that will not throw exceptions.

Exception Handling in C Technology: A Guide to Error Handling and Recovery

Introduction

Exception Handling is C A powerful mechanism for handling and recovering from runtime errors. By detecting and handling exceptions, programmers can ensure that applications remain stable and predictable when unexpected conditions arise.

Exception handling mechanism

The exception handling mechanism mainly includes the following steps:

1. Exception throwing (throw): When an exception is detected, an exception object is thrown through the throw keyword. Exception objects contain specific information about the error.
2. Exception catching (catch): The catch block is used to catch thrown exceptions. Each catch block specifies one or more exception types that it can handle.
3. Exception handling (try-catch): try-catch blocks surround code in areas where exceptions may be thrown. When an exception is thrown in this code, control goes to the corresponding catch block to handle the exception.

Practical Case

Consider the following example that demonstrates how to use exception handling to handle file open errors:

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

int main() {
  try {
    ifstream file("myfile.txt");
    if (!file.is_open()) {
      throw runtime_error("无法打开文件");
    }
    // 对文件流进行操作

  } catch (const runtime_error& e) {
    cout << "文件打开错误：" << e.what() << endl;
  }

  return 0;
}

In this example, ifstream::is_open() Function checks whether the file has been opened successfully. If the file is not open, a runtime_error exception will be thrown. catch block catches this exception and prints an error message.

Termination vs. Non-termination exception

Exceptions can be divided into termination exceptions and non-termination exceptions:

• Termination exceptionWill terminate the program immediately upon detection. Examples of termination exceptions include bad_alloc and bad_cast.
• Non-terminating exceptionAllows the program to continue execution after handling the exception. Examples of non-terminating exceptions include runtime_error and logic_error.

Best Practices

There are some best practices to follow when using exception handling:

• Only when needed Use exception handling when doing so.
• Throw specific and meaningful exceptions.
• Properly handle all thrown exceptions.
• Use noexcept to specify functions that will not throw exceptions.

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