Questions and Answers on High Concurrency and Load Balancing of PHP Enterprise Applications

PHP Practical ways to solve high concurrent access in enterprise-level applications include: vertical expansion: improving the processing capabilities of a single server. Horizontal expansion: deploy multiple servers to share concurrency and distribute requests through load balancing. Load balancing algorithms include: Round-robin scheduling: allocate requests to available servers in turn. Least-connected scheduling: allocates requests to the server with the fewest connections. Proxy or Swoole framework can be used to implement PHP load balancing: Proxy: such as HAProxy and Nginx, is responsible for receiving requests and forwarding them. Swoole: It has built-in load balancing function and can manage connections through coroutine pool.

PHP High Concurrency and Load Balancing Practice for Enterprise Applications

Introduction

As business volume continues to grow, PHP applications face the challenge of high concurrent access. This article will explore the practical methods of high concurrency and load balancing in PHP enterprise applications.

High concurrency solution

1. Vertical expansion: Increase server hardware resources, such as CPU and memory, to improve server processing capabilities.
2. Horizontal expansion: Deploy multiple servers to share concurrent requests and achieve load balancing.

Load balancing principle

Load balancing is a technology that distributes requests to multiple servers to increase overall throughput and ensure high availability. There are two common load balancing algorithms:

1. Round robin scheduling: Distribute requests to available servers in sequence.
2. Least connection scheduling: Distribute requests to the server with the fewest connections.

PHP to achieve load balancing

Use Proxy

You can use HAProxy, Nginx and other proxy servers to achieve load balancing . The proxy server is responsible for receiving requests and forwarding them to the backend server.

Code example:

frontend http-in
    bind *:80
    default_backend webservers

backend webservers
    balance roundrobin
    server server1 192.168.1.10:80 weight 1
    server server2 192.168.1.11:80 weight 1

Using Swoole

Swoole is a PHP concurrency framework that supports built-in load balancing functionality.

Code example:

$http = new Swoole\Http\Server('0.0.0.0', 8000);
$http->set(
    [
        'worker_num' => 4,
        'daemonize' => true,
        'enable_coroutine' => true,
        'reload_async' => true,
    ]
);
$http->on('WorkerStart', function (Swoole\Http\Server $server) {
    $pool = new Swoole\Coroutine\Channel(10);
    for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++) {
        $pool->push((new Swoole\Coroutine\Http\Client)->set(['timeout' => 5]));
    }
    $server->pool = $pool;
});
$http->on('Request', function (Swoole\Http\Request $request, Swoole\Http\Response $response) use ($server) {
    $client = $server->pool->pop();
    $client->get('http://127.0.0.1:8080');
    $response->header('Content-Type', 'text/html');
    $response->end($client->body);
});
$http->start();

Practical case

An e-commerce website faced a high-concurrency flash sale activity and adopted horizontal expansion. To achieve load balancing, deploy the flash sale module to 4 servers. At the same time, Nginx proxy server is used for request distribution, using a polling scheduling algorithm. According to tests, this solution improved the website’s concurrency capabilities during flash sales and effectively avoided server downtime and timeouts.

Conclusion

High concurrency and load balancing are common challenges in PHP enterprise applications. By adopting vertical or horizontal expansion and combining with load balancing technology, the throughput and availability of applications can be effectively improved. This practice shares the specific methods of using the Proxy and Swoole framework to achieve load balancing, and hopes to be helpful to all developers.

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