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Java Web Development in Action: FAQs and Best Practices

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May 07, 2024 pm 05:15 PM

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Q&A: Handling HTTP errors: Use HttpServletResponse to set status codes and error messages. Configure Servlet: use web.xml file or annotations, annotations are recommended. Access request and session data: through the HttpServletRequest and HttpSession objects. Best practice: Use MVC pattern (Model-View-Controller) Use JSON and REST API (represent state transfer) Use security filter Use cache Practical case: Build a simple TODO list, including Maven project creation, Servlet writing, Pages are added, web.xml configured, and deployed to the web container.

Java Web开发实战：常见问题解答和最佳实践

Java Web Development in Action: FAQs and Best Practices

FAQs

Question: How to handle HTTP errors?

Answer: Using the HttpServletResponse class, you can handle HTTP errors by setting the status code and error message. For example:

response.setStatus(500);
response.getWriter().write("Internal Server Error");

Question: How to configure Servlet?

Answer: Servlet can be configured using web.xml files or annotations. It is recommended to use annotations, which are more concise and easier to maintain. For example:

@WebServlet("/helloWorld")
public class HelloWorldServlet extends HttpServlet {
    // ...
}

Question: How to access request and session data?

Answer: You can use the HttpServletRequest and HttpSession objects to access request and session data. For example:

String name = request.getParameter("name");
HttpSession session = request.getSession();

Best Practice

Best Practice: Use the MVC pattern

MVC (Model-View-Control Server) pattern separates application logic from the presentation layer, thereby improving testability and maintainability.

Best Practice: Using JSON and the REST API

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight interactive format. The RESTful API (Representing State Transfer) defines a set of standard operations called CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) that can be used to interact with web services.

Best Practice: Use Security Filters

Security filters are used to protect applications from cross-site scripting (XSS), SQL injection, and other security vulnerabilities. infringement.

Best Practice: Use Caching

Caching can reduce the number of server-side requests, thereby improving performance.

Practical case: Build a simple TODO list

1. Create a project

Create a Maven project and add dependencies item.

<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
    <version>4.0.1</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

2. Write Servlet

to create TodoServlet, and process the /todos URL path.

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

@WebServlet("/todos")
public class TodoServlet extends HttpServlet {
    // ...
}

3. Add page

Create index.jsp page to display the TODO list.

<html>
<body>
    <h1 id="TODO-List">TODO List</h1>
    <form action="/todos" method="POST">
        <input type="text" name="task" />
        <input type="submit" value="Add" />
    </form>
    <ul>
        <li>Item 1</li>
        <li>Item 2</li>
    </ul>
</body>
</html>

4. Deploy the project

Add web.xml to the project to specify the Servlet and page. Deploy the project into a web container such as Tomcat or GlassFish.

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