How PHP object-relational mapping and database abstraction layers improve code readability

Answer: ORM (Object Relational Mapping) and DAL (Database Abstraction Layer) improve code readability by abstracting the underlying database implementation details. Detailed description: ORM uses an object-oriented approach to interact with the database, bringing the code closer to the application logic. DAL provides a common interface that is database vendor agnostic, simplifying interaction with different databases. Using ORM and DAL can reduce the use of SQL statements and make the code more concise. In practical cases, ORM and DAL can simplify the query of product information and improve code readability.

How PHP Object Relational Mapping (ORM) and Database Abstraction Layer (DAL) improve code readability

Object properties and methods are generally closer to the logic of the application, corresponding to rows and columns in the database table, while SQL statements and database dialects are more low-level implementation details. ORM and DAL can abstract this difference, allowing the code to focus more on logic and reduce the heavy use of SQL statements.

Using ORM

ORM is a technology that allows you to interact with a database using an object-oriented approach. This allows you to query and manipulate database data in a similar way to work objects.

// 使用 ORM 获取数据
$users = User::all();

// 保存更改到数据库
$user = new User;
$user->name = 'John Doe';
$user->save();

Using DAL

DAL is an abstraction layer that allows you to interact with different databases without changing your code. It does this by providing a common interface that is database vendor agnostic.

// 使用 DAL 获取数据
$db = new DAL;
$users = $db->query('SELECT * FROM users');

// 保存更改到数据库
$db->insert('users', [
    'name' => 'John Doe',
]);

Practical Case

Consider a simple shopping website that needs to store information about products, orders, and customers.

Using ORM, you can query products in the following ways:

$products = Product::where('category', 'electronics')->get();

And using DAL, you can query products in the following ways:

$db = new DAL;
$products = $db->query('SELECT * FROM products WHERE category = ?', ['electronics']);

By using ORM or DAL, the code becomes more concise and readable. It reduces the heavy use of SQL statements and allows you to focus more on application logic.

The above is the detailed content of How PHP object-relational mapping and database abstraction layers improve code readability. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!