Comparison of generics and other language features in golang

Generics in Go provide code reusability, allowing the creation of code that can be used with different types of data. Compared with Java and C's generics, Go's generics have lower performance overhead, but type inference is only conditional and has limited constraints.

Comparison of generics with other Go language features

Overview

Generics are a programming language feature that allows the creation of Codes for various types of data. Go 1.18 introduces generics, bringing huge changes to its ecosystem. This article will compare the similarities and differences between generics in Go and other language features, and provide practical examples.

Compare the similarities and differences between generics in Go and other language features

#NullabilityType inference ConstraintsPerformance Overhead##Practical case: Sorting generic function

Features	Go	Java	C
Syntax	func name[T any](t T)	class Box<t></t>	##template
Yes	No	No
Conditional	Yes	There are
Limited	Unlimited	Limited
Lower	Lower	Higher

The following example demonstrates how to use generic functions to sort arrays of different types:

type Ordered interface {
    Less(a, b Ordered) bool
}

func Sort[T Ordered](arr []T) {
    for i := 0; i < len(arr)-1; i++ {
        for j := i + 1; j < len(arr); j++ {
            if arr[i].Less(arr[j]) {
                arr[i], arr[j] = arr[j], arr[i]
            }
        }
    }
}

type Int struct{ i int }

func (a Int) Less(b Int) bool { return a.i < b.i }

type String struct{ s string }

func (a String) Less(b String) bool { return a.s < b.s }

func main() {
    arr1 := []Int{{1}, {3}, {2}}
    arr2 := []String{"a", "c", "b"}
    Sort(arr1)
    Sort(arr2)
    fmt.Println(arr1) // [{1} {2} {3}]
    fmt.Println(arr2) // [{a} {b} {c}]
}

Conclusion

Generics in Go greatly improves performance by allowing the creation of typed, reusable code. Improves the flexibility of Go code. It has a lower performance overhead than generics in Java and C while providing powerful functionality, making it a great addition to the Go ecosystem.

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