


C++ Function Call Generic Programming: Type Abstraction for Parameter Passing and Return Values
泛型编程可实现代码的类型抽象,包括参数传递和返回值类型抽象。参数传递抽象使用模板指定参数类型,如 template
C++ 函数调用泛型编程:参数传递和返回值的类型抽象
泛型编程是一种强大的技术,它允许您编写代码,而不指定特定的类型。在 C++ 中,您可以使用模板来实现泛型编程。模板是一个参数化的类或函数,稍后可以通过提供实际类型参数来实例化。
参数传递的类型抽象
考虑以下函数,它计算两个值的和:
int sum(int a, int b) { return a + b; }
要对各种类型的值进行求和,我们可以使用泛型编程:
template<typename T> T sum(T a, T b) { return a + b; }
在这里,类型参数 T
表示参数和返回值的类型。当我们调用这个函数时,我们指定要使用的实际类型:
int sum_int = sum<int>(1, 2); // 求和两个整数 double sum_double = sum<double>(1.2, 3.4); // 求和两个浮点数
返回值的类型抽象
您还可以抽象返回值的类型。这对于创建具有通用返回值类型的函数非常有用。
考虑以下函数,它返回两个值中较大的一个:
int max(int a, int b) { return (a > b) ? a : b; }
要实现一个返回任意类型中较大值(类型不一定是可比较的)的函数,我们可以:
template<typename T> auto max(T a, T b) -> decltype(a > b ? a : b) { return (a > b) ? a : b; }
这里,auto
关键字推断返回值的类型,decltype
指定条件表达式的类型。
实战案例
考虑使用泛型编程实现一个计算数组元素和的函数:
template<typename T> T sum_array(const T* array, size_t size) { T sum = 0; for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) { sum += array[i]; } return sum; }
这个函数可以用于求任何类型数组的和,例如:
int sum_int_array[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; int sum_int = sum_array(sum_int_array, 5); // 求和一个整数数组 double sum_double_array[] = {1.2, 3.4, 5.6, 7.8, 9.0}; double sum_double = sum_array(sum_double_array, 5); // 求和一个浮点数数组
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