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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialPHP的面向对象编程:开发大型PHP项目的方法(一)

limodou

  这篇文章介绍了在php中的面向对象编程(OOP,Object Oriented PRogramming)。我将向你演示如何通
过使用一些OOP的概念和PHP的技巧来减少编码和提高质量。祝你好运!

  面向对象编程的概念:
  不同的作者之间说法可能不一样,但是一个OOP语言必须有以下几方面:

抽象数据类型和信息封装
继承
多态
  在PHP中是通过类来完成封装的:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- class Something {
// 在OOP类中,通常第一个字符为大写
var $x;
function setX($v) {
// 方法开始为小写单词,然后使用大写字母来分隔单词,例如getValueOfArea()
$this->x=$v;
}
function getX() {
return $this->x;
}
}
?>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  当然你可以按自已的喜好进行定义,但最好保持一种标准,这样会更有效。

  数据成员在类中使用"var"声明来定义,在给数据成员赋值之前,它们是没有类型的。一个数据成员可
以是一个整数,一个数组,一个相关数组(associative array)或者是一个对象。

  方法在类中被定义成函数形式,在方法中访问类成员变量时,你应该使用$this->name,否则对一个方
法来说,它只能是局部变量。

  使用new操作符来创建一个对象:

  $obj=new Something;

  然后你可以使用成员函数通过:

  $obj->setX(5);
  $see=$obj->getX();

  在这个例子中,setX成员函数将5赋值给对象的成员变量x(不是类的),然后getX返回它的值5。

  你可以象:$obj->x=6那样通过类引用方式来存取数据成员,这不是一个很好的OOP习惯。我强烈建议通
过方法来存取成员变量。如果你把成员变量看成是不可处理的,并且只通过对象句柄来使用方法,你将是一
个好的OOP程序员。不幸的是,PHP不支持声明私有成员变量,所以不良代码在PHP中也是允许的。

  继承在PHP中很容易实现,只要使用extend关键字。



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

class Another extends Something {
var $y;
function setY($v) {
$this->y=$v;
}
function getY() {
return $this->y;
}
}

?>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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