What is the mechanism for interaction between golang functions and goroutine?

Functions interact with Goroutine through the following mechanisms in the Go language: Channel: securely exchanges data between Goroutines Pipe: used to communicate with external processes

The mechanism of interaction between functions and Goroutine in Go language

Goroutine introduction

Goroutine is a lightweight thread that allows Go programs to execute code in parallel. It is managed by the Go Runtime and is used to process tasks in parallel without the need to manually create and manage threads.

Interaction between function and Goroutine

The interaction between function and Goroutine in Go language is realized through the following mechanism:

• Channel:A communication mechanism for securely exchanging data between Goroutines. It is a typed queue where the sender writes data to the channel and the receiver reads data from it.
• Pipe: A special type of channel designed to communicate with command line tools or other external processes.

Practical case: Parallel summation

In order to demonstrate the interaction between the function and Goroutine, we create a simple parallel summation program:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "math/rand"
    "sync"
    "time"
)

const numIterations = 1000000

func main() {
    sum := 0

    // 初始化互斥锁以保护并发的 sum 变量
    lock := &sync.Mutex{}

    // 创建一个通道
    c := make(chan int)

    // 创建 Goroutine 并发计算和并将结果发送到通道
    for i := 0; i < numIterations; i++ {
        go func(num int) {
            rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
            time.Sleep(time.Duration(rand.Intn(50)) * time.Millisecond)
            lock.Lock()
            defer lock.Unlock()
            sum += num
            c <- num
        }(i)
    }

    // 从通道接收数据并打印进度条
    for i := 0; i < numIterations; i++ {
        <-c
        fmt.Printf("\rProgress: %f％", float64(i)/float64(numIterations)*100)
    }

    // 等待所有 Goroutine 完成
    time.Sleep(time.Second)

    fmt.Println("\nFinal sum:", sum)
}

In this program, We use pipes and mutex locks to implement the interaction between functions and Goroutines:

• Mutex locks protect concurrently accessed variablessum to ensure data integrity.
• Goroutine sends the summation result to the pipeline.
• The main function reads the results from the pipe and prints the progress bar.

Through this mechanism, Goroutine can execute the summation task concurrently, and the main function can track the progress and collect the final result.

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