Why can golang functions interact with goroutine?

Go functions interact with Goroutine because Go's communication sequential memory model ensures the correctness of shared memory. Functions can interact with Goroutines in the following ways: Channels: Inter-thread communication pipes. Atomic variables: thread-safe variables. sync package: Provides coroutine synchronization primitives.

#Why can Go functions interact with Goroutines?

Background
In Go, a goroutine is a lightweight thread that can execute in parallel. Functions are organized chunks of code in Go. The ability of functions and goroutines to interact is at the heart of Go's concurrent programming model.

Reason
The reason why Go functions can interact with goroutines is because of Go's memory model. The Go memory model is one called Communicating Sequential Memory (CSM), which guarantees the correctness of shared memory, even in a parallel environment.

CSM
The key principles of CSM are:

• Atomicity: Reads and writes to shared memory are Atomic, meaning they cannot be interrupted.
• Sequential Consistency: The order of thread-aware shared memory operations matches program order.
• Visibility: Writing operations by a thread to shared memory are visible to all other threads.

How to interact
Function can interact with goroutine in the following ways:

• Channel: Channel is used for Pipeline for inter-thread communication.
• Atomic variables: Atomic variables are thread-safe variables that can be used to synchronize goroutines.
• sync package: The sync package provides various coroutine synchronization primitives, such as mutexes and condition variables.

Practical case
The following is an example that demonstrates how the function interacts with goroutine:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
    "sync/atomic"
    "time"
)

var (
    count int64
    mu sync.Mutex
)

func incrementCounter() {
    for i := 0; i < 1000000; i++ {
        mu.Lock()
        count++
        mu.Unlock()
    }
}

func main() {
    var wg sync.WaitGroup

    for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
        wg.Add(1)
        go func() {
            incrementCounter()
            wg.Done()
        }()
    }

    wg.Wait()
    fmt.Println(count) // 输出：5000000
}

Explanation
In In this example: The

• counter variable is shared memory and the function incrementCounter uses a mu mutex to synchronize access to it.
• Goroutine executes the incrementCounter function in parallel, safely updating the counter variable.
• WaitGroup is used to wait for all goroutines to complete, thus ensuring that it is up to date before printing the count.

This example shows how a function interacts with a goroutine through synchronization primitives to collaborate on a task.

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