Analysis of similarities and differences between golang anonymous functions and closures

Analysis of similarities and differences: Anonymous functions and closures are functions without names that can be called immediately or assigned to variables. The difference is that closures capture external scope variables and allow internal functions to access and modify external variables, while anonymous functions do not.

Analysis of similarities and differences between anonymous functions and closures in Go language

Anonymous functions

Anonymous functions are functions that do not contain a name. They usually start with the func keyword, followed by the parameter list and function body. Anonymous functions can be called immediately, assigned to variables, or passed to other functions.

Code Example:

// 匿名函数
func() {
    fmt.Println("匿名函数")
}

Closures

A closure is an anonymous function that captures variables in the surrounding scope. This allows the inner function to access and modify variables in its outer scope, even after the outer function has returned. Closures are often used to create functions with state or shared data.

Code example:

// 闭包
func increment() func() int {
    var i int
    return func() int {
        i++
        return i
    }
}

Similarities and Differences

Similarities:

• Anonymous functions and closures are functions without names.
• They can all be called immediately or assigned to variables.

Difference:

• Anonymous functions do not capture variables in the outer scope, but closures do.
• A closure can access and modify variables in its outer scope, while an anonymous function can only access variables in its own scope.
• Anonymous functions are typically used to perform one-time tasks, while closures are used to create functions with state or shared data.

Practical case: Create a counter with shared state

Using closures, we can create a counter with shared state:

// 闭包计数器
func makeCounter() func() int {
    var count int
    return func() int {
        count++
        return count
    }
}

func main() {
    counter := makeCounter()
    for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
        fmt.Println(counter())
    }
}

Output:

1
2
3
4
5

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