In Golang, using functions to handle web request routing is an extensible and modular way to build APIs. It involves the following steps: Install the HTTP router library. Create a router. Define path patterns and handler functions for routes. Write handler functions to handle requests and return responses. Run the router using an HTTP server. This process allows for a modular approach when handling incoming requests, thereby improving reusability, maintainability, and testability.
How to use Golang functions to handle Web request routing
In Golang, using functions to handle Web request routing is a way to build A common way to extend and modularize APIs. This article will show you how to use an HTTP router library (such as github.com/gorilla/mux
) to define routes and use handler functions to handle incoming requests.
Step 1: Install the HTTP router library
import "github.com/gorilla/mux"
Step 2: Create a router
router := mux.NewRouter()
Step 3: Define the route
Define the path pattern for the route and specify the processing function used to handle the request. For example:
router.HandleFunc("/users", getUsers).Methods("GET") // GET /users 处理函数 router.HandleFunc("/users/{id}", getUser).Methods("GET") // GET /users/{id} 处理函数
Step 4: Write the processing function
The processing function is a function used to process incoming requests and return responses. The following is an example of a processing function:
func getUsers(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { // 获取所有用户数据 users := []User{ {ID: 1, Name: "John"}, {ID: 2, Name: "Jane"}, } // 以 JSON 格式编码响应 json, err := json.Marshal(users) if err != nil { http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError) return } // 设置响应标头和状态代码 w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json") w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK) // 写入响应主体 w.Write(json) }
Step 5: Run the router
Use the HTTP server to start the router, for example:
srv := &http.Server{ Handler: router, Addr: ":8080", } if err := srv.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed { log.Fatal(err) }
Actual combat Case
Create a simple API to manage users:
package main import ( "github.com/gorilla/mux" "net/http" ) type User struct { ID int Name string } var users = []User{ {1, "John"}, {2, "Jane"}, } func main() { router := mux.NewRouter() router.HandleFunc("/users", Get).Methods("GET") router.HandleFunc("/users/{id}", GetByID).Methods("GET") srv := &http.Server{ Handler: router, Addr: ":8080", } srv.ListenAndServe() } func Get(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { json.Encode(w, users) } func GetByID(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { id := mux.Vars(r)["id"] // 从 URL 中提取参数 for _, user := range users { if user.ID == id { json.Encode(w, user) return } } http.Error(w, "Not found", http.StatusNotFound) }
By running this program, you can create a simple API between localhost:8080/users
and localhost Obtain and retrieve user information under the path :8080/users/{id}
.
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