How to manage goroutine concurrency in golang functions?

Go language uses goroutine to achieve concurrency, and attention must be paid to management to avoid deadlocks and other problems. Goroutine is created through the go keyword, can use channels for data synchronization, and use wait groups to track completion. Practical applications include concurrent file reading, goroutine reads multiple files concurrently, and the wait group ensures that the main thread only performs subsequent operations after all goroutines have completed. Through synchronization mechanisms such as channels and waiting groups, developers can effectively manage goroutines and ensure the stability of concurrent applications.

Go processes in concurrency management

In the Go language, goroutine provides a lightweight concurrency mechanism. Allows execution of independent code blocks. Proper management of goroutines is critical to prevent deadlocks, unsynchronized data access, and other concurrency issues.

goroutine creation

goroutine created by go keyword:

go func() {
    // Goroutine 代码
}

Channel and data synchronization

Channels can be used for secure data exchange between goroutines when goroutines must share data:

// 创建一个通道
ch := make(chan int)

// 在一个 goroutine 中发送数据
go func() {
    ch <- 100
}()

// 在另一个 goroutine 中接收数据
value := <-ch

Waiting group

Waiting group available Used to track the completion of goroutine. It allows blocking the main thread before all goroutines are completed:

// 创建一个等待组
var wg sync.WaitGroup

// 在一个 goroutine 中执行任务
go func() {
    defer wg.Done() // 标记 goroutine 已完成

    // 任务代码
}

// 等待所有 goroutine 完成
wg.Wait()

Practical case: Concurrency file reading

The following example demonstrates how to use goroutine to read multiple concurrently File:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
    "sync"
)

func readFile(path string, wg *sync.WaitGroup) {
    defer wg.Done()

    data, err := ioutil.ReadFile(path)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("Error reading file:", err)
        return
    }

    fmt.Printf("File content: %s\n", data)
}

func main() {
    paths := []string{"file1.txt", "file2.txt", "file3.txt"}
    var wg sync.WaitGroup

    for _, path := range paths {
        wg.Add(1)
        go readFile(path, &wg)
    }

    wg.Wait()
}

Conclusion

goroutine is a powerful tool that can be used to achieve concurrency in Go applications. By using channels, wait groups, and other synchronization mechanisms, developers can manage goroutines efficiently and avoid concurrency issues.

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