MySQL 中的分组函数按指定列分组数据,并对每个组计算聚合值。分组函数包括 COUNT、SUM、AVG、MIN 和 MAX。HAVING 子句可过滤分组结果,保留满足条件的组。分组后,其他列按行分组,HAVING 子句条件应用于分组结果,未指定则假定为 TRUE。可使用多个 GROUP BY 和 HAVING 子句创建复杂分组。
MySQL 中的分组函数
分组函数用于根据给定列对数据进行分组,并对每个组计算聚合值。
语法:
GROUP BY col1, col2, ... HAVING condition
参数:
- GROUP BY:指定分组列。
- HAVING:用于过滤分组结果,仅保留满足条件的组。
常用分组函数:
- COUNT:返回指定列中非空值的计数。
- SUM:返回指定列中所有值的总和。
- AVG:返回指定列中所有值的平均值。
- MIN:返回指定列中最小值。
- MAX:返回指定列中最大值。
举例:
SELECT department, SUM(salary) AS total_salary FROM employees GROUP BY department HAVING total_salary > 50000;
该查询将员工按部门分组,并计算每个部门的总工资。它只保留总工资大于 50,000 的部门。
要点:
- 分组后,原始数据中的所有其他列将按行分组。
- HAVING 子句中的条件应用于分组结果,而不是原始数据。
- 如果未指定 HAVING 子句,则假定其为 TRUE,所有分组都将显示。
- 可以使用多个 GROUP BY 和 HAVING 子句来创建更复杂的分组。
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