Detailed explanation of C++ member functions: definition and calling mechanism of object methods

Member functions are functions defined in a class and are used to operate class data and perform tasks. Its definition syntax is: define member function: return_type class_name::function_name(parameters) call member function: object.function_name(parameters)

C Detailed explanation of member function: Definition and calling mechanism of object methods

Preface

In C, member functions are functions defined in a class and are used to manipulate data in the class and perform specific tasks. Understanding member functions is crucial to mastering C programming.

Definition of member functions

Member functions are defined using the following syntax:

return_type class_name::function_name(parameters) {
    // 函数体
}

For example:

class Person {
public:
    string name;

    // 构造函数
    Person(string n) : name(n) {}

    // 成员函数
    void greet() {
        cout << "Hello, my name is " << name << endl;
    }
};

In this example, greet() is a member function of class Person, which is used to output the name of the object.

Call member functions

Member functions are called through objects. The syntax is as follows:

object.function_name(parameters);

For example:

Person john("John Doe");
john.greet(); // 调用 greet() 成员函数

Practical case

Consider a simple student management system in which each student is represented by a Student Class representation:

class Student {
public:
    string name;
    int age;
    float gpa;

    // 构造函数
    Student(string n, int a, float g)
        : name(n), age(a), gpa(g) {}

    // 成员函数：获取学生信息
    string get_info() {
        return "Name: " + name + ", Age: " + to_string(age) +
               ", GPA: " + to_string(gpa);
    }
};

In the main function, we can create the Student object and call its get_info() member function:

int main() {
    Student student1("Jane Doe", 20, 3.5);
    cout << student1.get_info() << endl;
    return 0;
}

The output result is:

Name: Jane Doe, Age: 20, GPA: 3.5

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