Detailed explanation of C++ member functions: generic programming and templating of object methods

C Member functions are functions defined within a class and can access data members and variables of the class. Generic programming and templating make code reusable and independent of data types. Generic programming allows writing code that works with different data types, while templating allows creating classes that work with member functions of different types. For programs that need to calculate the areas of different shapes, you can create an AreaCalculator class using templated member functions and provide subclasses that implement the calculateArea member function for each shape type, such as Rectangle and Circle. This class makes it easy to calculate the area of ​​various shapes.

Detailed explanation of C member functions: Generic programming and templating of object methods

In C, member functions are defined in Functions within a class can access the data members and member variables of the class. Generic programming and templating are powerful techniques in C for writing code that is reusable and independent of data types.

Generic Programming

Generic code allows you to write functions that work with different data types. It eliminates the need to write separate functions for each data type.

template<typename T>
T max(T a, T b) {
  return a > b ? a : b;
}

The max function can be used with any data type T.

Templating

Templating allows you to create classes that can be used with different types of member functions. By using templates, you avoid writing duplicate code for each member function.

template<typename T>
class Vector {
public:
  Vector() : x(0), y(0), z(0) {}
  Vector(T x, T y, T z) : x(x), y(y), z(z) {}

  T x, y, z;
};

This Vector class can store any type of value.

Practical Case

Suppose you want to create a program that calculates the area of ​​various shapes. You can use templated member functions to create AreaCalculator classes that can be used for different shape types.

template<typename Shape>
class AreaCalculator {
public:
  double area(const Shape& shape) {
    // 根据形状类型计算面积
    return shape.calculateArea();
  }
};

For each shape type, you need to provide a Shape subclass that implements the calculateArea member function.

class Rectangle {
public:
  double width, height;

  double calculateArea() {
    return width * height;
  }
};

class Circle {
public:
  double radius;

  double calculateArea() {
    return PI * radius * radius;
  }
};

Now you can calculate the area of ​​any shape using AreaCalculator:

AreaCalculator<Rectangle> rectangleCalculator;
double rectangleArea = rectangleCalculator.area(Rectangle{3.0, 4.0});

AreaCalculator<Circle> circleCalculator;
double circleArea = circleCalculator.area(Circle{2.0});

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