C++ Member Functions Explained: Syntax and Style Guide for Object Methods

C member functions allow you to associate code with encapsulated objects to implement the behavior and interaction of specific objects. The syntax is: return_type class_name::function_name(parameter_list), which contains the unique class name and access modifiers. The style guide recommends using clear naming conventions, reducing the number of parameters, adding documentation comments, and controlling visibility with appropriate access modifiers. In practical applications, member functions can be used to manipulate and manage data by creating objects with member functions. For example, the Student class in the example shows how to use member functions to obtain and set object information.

C Member Functions Detailed: Syntax and Style Guide for Object Methods

Introduction

Member functions are a unique and powerful feature in C that allow you to associate code with the object it is encapsulated. By defining functions that are called against a specific object, you can implement specific aspects of the object's behavior and interaction. This article takes an in-depth look at the syntax and style guide for member functions in C, illustrated with practical examples.

Member Function Syntax

The syntax of member functions is similar to standard functions, but contains some unique aspects. The following is the syntax for defining member functions:

return_type class_name::function_name(parameter_list) {
  // function body
}

• return_type: Specifies the return value type of the function.
• class_name: The name of the class to which the member function belongs.
• function_name: The name of the member function.
• parameter_list: Parameter list of member function, optional.
• function body: The body of the member function, containing the code to be executed.

Style Guide

Following a good style guide ensures that your code is readable and maintainable. For member functions, consider the following guidelines:

• Naming Convention: Member function names should clearly reflect their purpose, using underscores to connect multiple words.
• Parameters: Reduce the number of parameters of member functions as much as possible and combine related parameters into one class.
• Documentation comments: Add descriptive documentation comments for member functions, including purpose, parameters and return values.
• Access modifiers: Use appropriate access modifiers (public, protected, private) to control the visibility of member functions.

Practical case: Student class

To show the practical application of member functions, let us create a Student class that contains members Function to manage basic information of students.

class Student {

 public:

  // 构造函数
  Student(std::string name, int age) : name(name), age(age) {}

  // 成员函数用于获取姓名
  std::string get_name() {
    return name;
  }

  // 成员函数用于设置姓名
  void set_name(std::string new_name) {
    name = new_name;
  }

  // 成员函数用于获取年龄
  int get_age() {
    return age;
  }

  // 成员函数用于设置年龄
  void set_age(int new_age) {
    age = new_age;
  }

 private:
  std::string name;
  int age;
};

Test case:

int main() {
  // 创建一个学生对象
  Student student("John Doe", 20);

  // 使用成员函数获取和设置学生信息
  std::cout << "Student name: " << student.get_name() << std::endl;
  student.set_name("Jane Smith");
  std::cout << "Student name (after change): " << student.get_name() << std::endl;

  std::cout << "Student age: " << student.get_age() << std::endl;
  student.set_age(21);
  std::cout << "Student age (after change): " << student.get_age() << std::endl;

  return 0;
}

Output:

Student name: John Doe
Student name (after change): Jane Smith
Student age: 20
Student age (after change): 21

With this example, we demonstrate how to use member functions to Manage objects and manipulate their data in programs.

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