Concurrency optimization technology of golang function

Techniques for optimizing concurrency of Go functions include: 1. Goroutine pool: pre-allocate and manage a group of Goroutines to reduce creation and destruction overhead; 2. Channel capacity: limit the number of Goroutines that can enter the channel at the same time to avoid excessive competition; 3 . Interrupt processing: Release blocked system resources in a timely manner, such as removing Goroutine waiting for IO from the scheduler.

Concurrency optimization technology of Go function

In high-concurrency application scenarios, optimizing the concurrency performance of the function is crucial. The Go language provides powerful concurrency features. This article will introduce several commonly used optimization techniques and demonstrate their applications with practical cases.

1. Goroutine Pool

Goroutine pool is a mechanism that pre-allocates and manages a group of Goroutines. By reusing Goroutines, the overhead caused by creating and destroying Goroutines can be reduced.

package main

import (
    "sync"
    "fmt"
)

func main() {
    // 创建一个拥有 10 个 Goroutine 的 Goroutine 池
    var wg sync.WaitGroup
    pool := make(chan chan int, 10)
    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        pool <- make(chan int)
    }

    for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
        wg.Add(1)
        work := <-pool
        go func(id int, work chan int) {
            fmt.Printf("Worker %d completed task %d\n", id, id)
            work <- id
            wg.Done()
        }(i, work)
    }

    // 等待所有 Goroutine 完成工作
    wg.Wait()
    close(pool)
}

2. Channel capacity

Using a channel with capacity can limit the number of Goroutines that can enter the channel at the same time. This prevents goroutines from over-competing, thereby improving concurrency.

package main

import (
    "sync"
    "fmt"
)

func main() {
    // 创建一个容量为 10 的通道
    ch := make(chan int, 10)
    var wg sync.WaitGroup

    for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
        wg.Add(1)
        go func(id int) {
            ch <- id
            wg.Done()
        }(i)
    }

    for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
        fmt.Printf("Received %d\n", <-ch)
    }
    wg.Wait()
}

3. Interrupt processing

By processing Goroutine interrupts, blocked system resources can be released in time. For example, when a Goroutine is blocked waiting for IO operations, it can be removed from the system scheduler through interrupt handling.

package main

import (
    "context"
    "fmt"
    "time"
)

func main() {
    // 创建一个具有 5 秒超时的上下文
    ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
    defer cancel()

    // 在 Goroutine 中进行阻塞操作
    go func() {
        for {
            select {
            case <-ctx.Done():
                return
            default:
                time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
                fmt.Println("Sleeping...")
            }
        }
    }()

    time.Sleep(10 * time.Second)
}

Through the above technology, the concurrency performance of Go functions can be effectively optimized. In actual development, it is necessary to select an appropriate optimization solution based on specific application scenarios to achieve the best concurrency efficiency.

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