The correct way to test golang functions

The correct way to test functions in Go includes: creating a test file ending with _test.go. Write test functions starting with Test. Use auxiliary testing tools such as t.Fail(), t.Error(), t.Fatal(), and t.Skip(). Verify expected and actual results using assertion methods such as t.Equal(), t.NotEqual(), etc.

The correct way of function testing in Go language

Function testing in Go language is crucial because it ensures Your code runs correctly in all situations. This article will introduce the correct way to use the testing package of the Go language for function testing.

1. Create a test file

First, you need to create a new test file for the function you want to test. The test file name must end with _test.go and be placed in the same package as the function under test. For example, if you want to test the mypackage/myfunc function, the test file would be mypackage/myfunc_test.go.

2. Write test functions

In the test file, you need to write one or more test functions. Each test function should begin with Test, followed by the name of the test function. For example, the following code shows how to test the Add function:

import (
    "testing"

    "mypackage"
)

func TestAdd(t *testing.T) {
    // ...
}

3. Using the auxiliary testing tool

testing package Provides some useful auxiliary testing tools to simplify test writing. Here are some of the most commonly used tools:

• t.Fail(): Interrupts the test function when the test fails.
• t.Error(): Records test errors but does not interrupt the test function.
• t.Fatal(): Record test errors and interrupt the test function.
• t.Skip(): Skip the test function.

4. Assertions

Assertions are used to verify whether the test expectations and actual results match. testing The package provides several assertion methods, for example:

• t.Equal(a, b): Assert a and b Equal.
• t.NotEqual(a, b): Asserts that a and b are not equal.
• t.True(b): Assert b is true.
• t.False(b): Assert b is false.

Practical case

Let us write a testmypackage/myfunc function test file:

import (
    "testing"

    "mypackage"
)

func TestAdd(t *testing.T) {
    type testCase struct {
        a, b, want int
    }

    tests := []testCase{
        {1, 2, 3},
        {4, 5, 9},
        {-1, -2, -3},
    }

    for _, tc := range tests {
        got := mypackage.Add(tc.a, tc.b)
        if got != tc.want {
            t.Errorf("Add(%d, %d) = %d, want %d", tc.a, tc.b, got, tc.want)
        }
    }
}

This The test case defines three test cases, each of which contains three input variables (a, b and the desired output (want)). The test function uses a for loop to iterate through these test cases and call the Add function for each test case. If the function's output is inconsistent with the expected value, the test fails and an error message is logged.

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