What do square brackets mean in c++

The square brackets in C are used to: 1. Define and operate arrays, vectors, and character arrays; 2. Create pointer arrays; 3. Use range operators to specify ranges; 4. Access arrays as subscript operators or vector elements; 5. Define an anonymous structure or union.

Square brackets in C: meaning and purpose

In the C programming language, square brackets ([] ) has many uses:

1. Arrays and vectors

• Brackets are used to define and operate arrays and vectors. An array is a data structure that stores multiple values ​​of the same type and can be accessed through integer indexing.

• Syntax:

  <code class="cpp">int array[size]; // 定义一个大小为 size 的数组
  vector<int> vec; // 定义一个 vector</code>

2. Pointer array

• Brackets can be used to create a pointer An array that points to other variables or objects.

• Syntax:

  <code class="cpp">int *ptr[size]; // 定义一个指向 int 类型指针的数组</code>

3. Character array

• Brackets are used for definition and operation Character array. Character arrays are a special case of storing sequences of characters.

• Syntax:

  <code class="cpp">char str[] = "Hello"; // 定义一个字符串</code>

4. Range operator

• Square brackets can be operated with: used together to form the range operator. This operator represents a range that includes the starting and ending index (excluding the ending index).

• Syntax:

  <code class="cpp">vec[start:end]; // 获取一个向量从 start 到 end-1 的子范围</code>

5. Subscript operator

• Square brackets are used as subscripts scalar operator. It allows accessing elements in an array or vector using integer indexing.

• Syntax:

  <code class="cpp">array[index]; // 访问数组 array 中索引为 index 的元素</code>

6. Other uses

• Brackets are sometimes used to define anonymous structure or association.

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