How to test and debug custom golang function implementation

Unit testing custom functions involves creating test files, defining test functions, writing test cases and executing assertions. Debugging a failing test involves enabling debugging information, using a debugger, and setting breakpoints.

How to test and debug custom Go function implementation

In Go, testing and debugging custom functions is important to ensure that they are correct Safety and robustness are crucial. This article will introduce the process of unit testing and debugging custom functions using Go's built-in testing framework and debugging tools.

Unit Test

Step 1: Create a test file

For the function to be testedmyfunc , create a test file named myfunc_test.go.

Step 2: Define the test function

In the test file, use func TestMyfunc to define a test function for the function to be tested. Test functions should start with Test, followed by the name of the function to be tested.

Step 3: Write test cases

In the test function, use t.Run to add nested test functions for different test cases. Each nested function receives a testing.T parameter, which provides assertion methods for reporting errors and failures.

Step 4: Perform assertions

Use the assertion functions provided in the testing package (such as t.Equal, t.Error and t.FailNow) to verify the expected output or behavior of the test case.

Practical case: Testing a function that calculates the length of a string

func TestStrlen(t *testing.T) {
    t.Run("Empty string", func(t *testing.T) {
        t.Equal("", strLen(""))
    })
    t.Run("Non-empty string", func(t *testing.T) {
        t.Equal(5, strLen("Hello"))
    })
}

Debugging

If the test fails or the function does not run If it meets expectations, you can use Go's debugging tools for debugging.

Step 1: Turn on debug mode

Compile the program using the -gcflags="all=-N -l" flag to enable debugging information.

Step 2: Using the debugger

Start a debugger (such as delve or gdb) and attach to the running program.

Step 3: Set breakpoints and inspect variables

Use the debugger to set breakpoints and inspect variable values ​​while the function is executing.

Step 4: Step into the code

Use the debugger's single-stepping feature to step through the code line by line and examine the variable values ​​after each step.

Practical case: Debugging a function that calculates the Fibonacci sequence

Use delve for debugging:

$ delve debug app
(delve) b fibonacci  # 设置断点
(delve) c  # 继续执行
(delve) next  # 单步执行
...
(delve) p fibonacci(5)  # 检查变量值

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