How do C++ functions handle timeouts and exceptions in network programming?

C In network programming, use the chrono library to set the timeout when processing timeouts, such as setting a 10-second timeout: std::chrono::seconds timeout = 10s;. Use try-catch statements to handle exceptions, such as: try { ... } catch (const std::exception& e) { ... }.

How C functions handle timeouts and exceptions in network programming

In network programming, timeouts and exceptions are common challenges . C provides powerful functions for handling these situations, and this article will explore how to use them effectively.

Handling timeouts

C provides the chrono library to manage time. To set a timeout, you can use the following function:

#include <chrono>

using namespace std::chrono_literals;

std::chrono::seconds timeout = 10s; // 设置 10 秒的超时

Practical case: Use the select() function to implement the timeout

select( ) Function waits for the readability of one or more file descriptors for a specific period of time. It can be used with timeouts:

#include <sys/select.h>

int main() {
  // 设置文件描述符集合
  fd_set fds;
  FD_ZERO(&fds);
  FD_SET(socket_fd, &fds);

  // 设置超时
  struct timeval timeout;
  timeout.tv_sec = 10;
  timeout.tv_usec = 0;

  // 等待可读性或超时
  int result = select(socket_fd + 1, &fds, NULL, NULL, &timeout);

  if (result == 0) {
    // 超时
    std::cout << "Operation timed out." << std::endl;
  } else if (result > 0) {
    // 文件描述符可读
    // ...
  } else {
    // 错误
    std::cout << "An error occurred." << std::endl;
  }

  return 0;
}

Handling Exceptions

C Use exceptions to handle exceptional situations. When an exception is thrown, it causes the immediate termination of the current function and transfers control to its caller. To catch exceptions, you can use try-catch statements around the code block:

#include <stdexcept>

try {
  // ...
} catch (const std::exception& e) {
  // 异常处理
  std::cout << "An exception occurred: " << e.what() << std::endl;
}

Practical example: Handling std::runtime_error exceptions in a network connection

std::runtime_error is a commonly used exception used to represent runtime errors. It can throw when a network connection fails:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {
  try {
    // 建立网络连接
    // ...
  } catch (const std::runtime_error& e) {
    // 连接失败
    cout << "Connection failed: " << e.what() << endl;
  }

  return 0;
}

Efficient handling of timeouts and exceptions is critical for robust and reliable network applications. C provides powerful functions that allow you to easily manage these situations and ensure that your code still works properly when unforeseen problems arise.

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