Golang function performance optimization and concurrent programming

In order to improve the performance of Go language functions, give priority to using optimized Go standard library functions; avoid over-allocation, pre-allocate variables or use cache. In concurrent programming, use Goroutines to achieve concurrency; communicate safely between Goroutines through channels; use atomic operations to ensure safety when accessing shared variables concurrently.

Go language function performance optimization and concurrent programming

Performance optimization

1. Use the standard library

Prefer using functions in the Go standard library because they are optimized and extensively tested. For example, use sort.Sort() instead of implementing the sorting algorithm yourself.

package main

import "sort"

func main() {
    s := []int{3, 1, 2}
    sort.Ints(s)
    _ = s // 使用 s 以防止编译器优化为常量
}

2. Avoid allocation

Overallocation will affect performance. Reduce allocations by pre-allocating variables or using caching.

package main

import (
    "bufio"
    "os"
)

func main() {
    f, err := os.Open("file.txt")
    if err != nil {
        // 处理错误
    }

    // 使用 bufio 包预分配空间
    scanner := bufio.NewScanner(f)
    for scanner.Scan() {
        // 处理扫描的行
    }
}

Concurrent programming

1. Goroutine

Goroutine is a lightweight thread that can be used to achieve concurrency. Create a goroutine using the go keyword.

package main

func main() {
    go func() {
        // 并发执行的代码
    }()
}

2. Channels

Channels are used to communicate securely between goroutines. One goroutine sends data from the channel and another goroutine receives data from the channel.

package main

import "sync"

func main() {
    // 创建通道
    ch := make(chan int)

    // Goroutine 发送数据
    go func() {
        ch <- 1
    }()

    // Goroutine 接收数据
    var wg sync.WaitGroup
    wg.Add(1)
    go func() {
        defer wg.Done()
        v := <-ch
        _ = v // 使用 v 以防止编译器优化为常量
    }()
    wg.Wait()
}

3. Atomic operations

Atomic operations ensure the security of concurrent access to shared variables. Use functions provided in the sync/atomic package, such as atomic.AddInt64().

package main

import "sync/atomic"

func main() {
    var counter int64

    // 多个 goroutine 并发更新计数器
    for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
        go func() {
            atomic.AddInt64(&counter, 1)
        }()
    }

    // 等待所有 goroutine 完成
    // ...

    _ = counter // 使用 counter 以防止编译器优化为常量
}

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