What is the principle of lidar?

Lidar (LiDAR) measures the distance between an object and a sensor by emitting and measuring the time difference between laser pulses. Its working principle includes: emitting laser pulse target reflection time measurement distance calculation

Working principle of lidar

LiDAR is a long-range sensing technology that uses laser pulses to measure distance. It determines the distance between an object and the sensor by emitting a laser pulse and measuring the time when it returns.

Basic Principle

• Laser pulse emission: The lidar transmitter emits short and intense laser pulses.
• Target reflection: Reflection occurs after the laser pulse hits the surface of the object.
• Time Measurement: The lidar receiver detects the reflected pulse and measures the time difference from when the pulse is transmitted to when it is received.
• Distance calculation: With the speed of light known, the distance between the lidar and the target can be calculated based on the time difference.

Pulse type

• Single pulse lidar: Only one pulse is emitted at a time.
• Multi-pulse lidar: Rapidly fires a series of pulses. This improves distance measurement accuracy and interference immunity.

Scan mode

• Mechanical rotation: The mirror or prism on the lidar rotates mechanically, scanning the surrounding area.
• Solid State: Utilize phased array or other solid-state scanning technology to scan without mechanical movement. This improves speed and reliability.

Applications

Lidar is widely used in a variety of fields, including:

• Self-driving cars and robots Navigation:Measure distances and create a map of your surroundings.
• Surveying and terrain modeling: Generate high-resolution 3D models and terrain maps.
• Environmental monitoring: Measure air pollution, smog and haze.
• Archaeology and Heritage Conservation: Scan remains and artifacts to create digital records.
• Medical Imaging: Lidar technology is used in vascular imaging and laser eye surgery.

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