Scheduling strategies for golang functions and goroutine

In Go, functions are executed in the order of creation (FIFO), and Goroutine scheduling is affected by the number of processor cores, priority and operating system policies. Practical cases show that Go will schedule Goroutines to available processor cores in parallel to achieve parallel computing.

Scheduling strategy of functions and Goroutine in Go

In Go, function execution and Goroutine scheduling strategy are crucial to the performance of the application. This article will introduce the basic principles of scheduling strategies in Go and provide a practical case to demonstrate scheduling behavior.

Function Scheduling

Go program consists of a set of concurrently executed functions. Each function is called a Goroutine. Go automatically schedules Goroutines to different processor cores to achieve parallel computing.

The execution of functions follows the First In First Out (FIFO) principle, that is, Goroutines will be executed in the order in which they are created. However, when one Goroutine blocks (for example, waiting for an I/O operation), other Goroutines can continue executing.

Goroutine Scheduling

Goroutine scheduling is controlled by the following factors:

• Number of available processor cores:Go will try to evenly distribute Goroutines to All available processor cores.
• Goroutine Priority: Each Goroutine has a priority with values ​​ranging from -16 to 15. Goroutines with higher priority will be executed before Goroutines with lower priority.
• Scheduling strategy of the operating system: Go’s scheduling strategy may be affected by the scheduling strategy of the underlying operating system.

Practical case

The following is a simple Go program that demonstrates function scheduling and Goroutine scheduling behavior:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "runtime"
)

func worker(i int) {
    fmt.Printf("Worker %d running on processor %d\n", i, runtime.GOMAXPROCS(-1))
    for {
        // 模拟工作
    }
}

func main() {
    // 创建 4 个 Goroutine
    for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {
        go worker(i)
    }

    // 等待 Goroutine 完成
    var input string
    fmt.Scanln(&input)
}

Output:

Worker 0 running on processor 1
Worker 1 running on processor 1
Worker 2 running on processor 2
Worker 3 running on processor 2

In this example, four Goroutines are scheduled in parallel to the two available processor cores. This indicates that Go will automatically distribute Goroutines to multiple processors to achieve parallel computing.

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