Best practices for golang functions and goroutines

Function and Goroutine best practice functions: ensure idempotence and prevent repeated operations and data corruption. Name the return value to improve code readability and maintainability. Keep functions lightweight and follow the single responsibility principle. Goroutine: Avoid using channel and waitgroup at the same time to prevent deadlock. Explicitly close the channel to notify other goroutines to stop reading. Use pipes to implement a non-blocking communication mechanism. Limit the number of concurrent goroutines to avoid resource exhaustion. Monitor and manage goroutines to detect and resolve potential issues.

Best practices for Go functions and Goroutine

Function

• Guarantee idempotence: Ensures that the function produces the same result when called multiple times on the same input. This is essential to prevent unnecessary operations and data corruption.
• Use named return values: Use function return values ​​with explicit names to make it easier to understand and use the function.
• Keep the function lightweight: Use local variables instead of global variables, and follow the single responsibility principle to ensure that the function is concise and easy to read.
• Use defer to delay execution: Use defer to delay cleanup operations (such as closing files or releasing locks) until the function returns.
• Be aware of race conditions: Ensure that mutexes or other synchronization mechanisms are used when accessing shared data in a concurrent environment.

Goroutine

• Avoid using channel and waitgroup at the same time: This will cause a deadlock because WaitGroup waits for all goroutines to exit , and the channel may prevent the goroutine from exiting.
• Close the channel explicitly: Close the channel before the goroutine exits to notify other goroutines to stop reading.
• Use pipes instead of channels: Pipelines are a non-blocking communication mechanism that is more suitable for high throughput and real-time processing.
• Limit the number of concurrent goroutines: Set limits to prevent too many goroutines from running at the same time and causing system resource exhaustion.
• Monitor and manage goroutines: Use tools such as pprof to monitor goroutine activity and detect potential problems.

Practical Case

// 幂等函数
func UpdateUser(userID string, name string) error {
    user, err := getUser(userID)
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }

    user.Name = name
    err = saveUser(user)
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }

    return nil
}

// 带有命名返回值的函数
func CalculateStats(data []float64) (mean float64, stdev float64) {
    // 计算均值和标准差

    return mean, stdev
}

// 使用管道
func ProcessData(items <-chan int) {
    for item := range items {
        // 处理 item
    }
}

By following these best practices, you can write high-performance, robust and reliable Go programs.

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