Application of golang functions and goroutine in concurrent programming

Function and Goroutine in Go language can be used for concurrent programming. Functions are thread-safe blocks of code that can be called by multiple Goroutines at the same time. Goroutines are lightweight threads that run in user space and can share memory. An example would be to create 10 Goroutines that print a number, using sync.WaitGroup to ensure all Goroutines complete. Through functions and Goroutines, the Go language achieves the simplicity and efficiency of concurrent programming.

Application of Go functions and Goroutine in concurrent programming

Go language provides a series of powerful features to support concurrent programming , of which functions and Goroutines are the most basic building blocks.

Functions

Go functions are blocks of code that perform specific tasks. Unlike other languages, Go functions are concurrency-safe, meaning they can be called by multiple Goroutines simultaneously without creating data races or other thread-safety issues.

Goroutine

Goroutine is a lightweight thread. It differs from threads in that Goroutines run in user space, which makes them more lightweight than threads. And efficient. Goroutine can share memory with other Goroutines at the same time, thereby enabling concurrent programming.

Practical case

The following is an example of using functions and Goroutine for concurrent processing:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
)

var wg sync.WaitGroup

func main() {
    // 创建 10 个 Goroutine，每个 Goroutine 输出一个数字
    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        wg.Add(1)
        go printNumber(i)
    }

    // 等待所有 Goroutine 完成
    wg.Wait()
}

func printNumber(n int) {
    defer wg.Done()
    fmt.Println(n)
}

In this example, we created 10 Goroutine, each Goroutine outputs a number. We use sync.WaitGroup to ensure all Goroutines complete before printing the output.

Conclusion

Go language functions and Goroutines provide a simple and efficient way to perform concurrent programming. By using these features, developers can create scalable and performant applications.

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