Introduction to the built-in syntax and functions of golang function concurrency control

Go language controls function concurrency through built-in syntax, including: go func() creates Goroutine, sync.Mutex mutex protects shared data, sync.WaitGroup wait group coordinates Goroutine execution, and sync.Cond condition variable cooperative control. These built-in syntaxes support concurrent execution, data protection and collaborative control, optimizing program performance. The case of parallel computing of Fibonacci sequences demonstrates its practical application.

Introduction to the built-in syntax and functions of Go language function concurrency control

Concurrency in the Go language is implemented through Goroutine. Goroutine It is a lightweight thread in Go language. By using Goroutine, we can write concurrent programs to take full advantage of multi-core CPUs and improve program performance.

Built-in syntax

The Go language provides the following built-in syntax to control function concurrency:

• go func(): Create a new Goroutine, which will execute the func function concurrently.
• sync.Mutex: Mutex lock, used to protect shared data.
• sync.WaitGroup: Waiting group, used to wait for a group of Goroutines to complete.
• sync.Cond: Condition variable, used to coordinate collaboration between Goroutines.

Features

These built-in syntaxes provide the following functionality:

• Concurrent execution: Can be run in parallel Execute multiple Goroutines to fully utilize multi-core CPU resources.
• Data Protection: Mutex locks can ensure that shared data is only accessed by one Goroutine at the same time to prevent data corruption.
• Collaboration control: Waiting groups and condition variables can control the collaboration between Goroutines to ensure that they are executed in the correct order.

Practical Case

The following is a practical case for calculating the Fibonacci sequence, demonstrating how to use Goroutine for concurrent calculations:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
)

// 计算斐波那契数列
func fibonacci(n int) int {
    if n <= 1 {
        return n
    }
    return fibonacci(n-1) + fibonacci(n-2)
}

func main() {
    // 创建互斥锁保护计数器
    var mu sync.Mutex
    // 创建等待组等待所有 Goroutine 完成
    var wg sync.WaitGroup

    // 并发计算斐波那契数列
    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        wg.Add(1)
        go func(i int) {
            defer wg.Done()
            result := fibonacci(i)

            // 使用互斥锁保护计数器
            mu.Lock()
            fmt.Printf("Fibonacci(%d) = %d\n", i, result)
            mu.Unlock()
        }(i)
    }

    // 等待所有 Goroutine 完成
    wg.Wait()
}

This program will calculate the first 10 numbers of the Fibonacci sequence in parallel and use a mutex to protect the output to ensure that each number is printed in order.

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